The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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epidemiology, 182 pregnancy and breastfeeding, 135, 187 public health management, 188 recommendations, 186–187 transport, storage and handling, 185 and travellers, 117 vaccines, 183–185 variations from product information, 188–190 diphtheria antitoxin, 463 diphtheria-tetanus (dT) vaccine, 184, 400, 490 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 405 catch-up vaccination schedules for those ≥10 years of age, 63 vaccination recommendations, 401–402, 403–404 diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa and DTPa) vaccines, 183, 303, 304–307, 398–400, 490 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 312–313 catch-up vaccination for children, 46, 50, 51 catch-up vaccination schedules for those ≥10 years of age, 63 dosage and administration, 401 and HIV-infected persons, 159 minimum acceptable age for the 1st vaccine dose, 46 minimum acceptable vaccine dose intervals, 50 number of vaccine doses for children, 49 and pneumococcal vaccination, 335 and pregnancy, 135, 310–311 vaccination recommendations, 308–309, 401, 403–404 diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTPw) vaccine, 303, 490 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 312 diseases. see vaccine-preventable diseases distraction technique, 70 documentation of vaccination, 97 when incomplete, 40 dosage. see also under individual disease names, valid dose determination, 41 dose intervals, minimum. see minimum acceptable dose intervals for children Down syndrome, 8 and influenza vaccination, 13, 252 and pneumococcal disease, 327 drugs, persons who inject, 36, 61 hepatitis A, 198, 204, 205 hepatitis B, 209, 210, 216, 222, 224, 225 tetanus, 403 vaccination recommendations, 175 506 The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition dT vaccines. see diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (dT) vaccines DTPa-containing vaccine. see diphtheriatetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa and DTPa) vaccines dTpa-containing vaccines. see diphtheriatetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa and DTPa) vaccines Dukoral, 177 dosage and administration, 178–179 vaccination recommendations, 179 variations from product information, 181 E early childhood education and care workers influenza, 255 measles, 274 pertussis, 310 vaccination recommendations, 169, 170 varicella, 430 eculizumab treatment, and meningococcal vaccination, 291 effectiveness of vaccines, 20–21 efficacy of vaccines, 20–21 egg allergies, 10, 131, 132–133, 481 and influenza vaccination, 132, 256–257, 258 and measles vaccination, 276 and Q fever vaccination, 351 and yellow fever vaccination, 443 egg protein, in vaccines, 19, 470, 486 embalmers tuberculosis, 413 vaccination recommendations, 172 emergency workers influenza, 255 vaccination recommendations, 171 Engerix-B, 160, 211, 212 dosage and administration, 123, 217 vaccination recommendations, 222, 227 vaccination schedule, 214 vaccination schedule, accelerated, 215, 216 vaccine components, 469, 472 enteric fever. see typhoid epiglottitis, 191 erythematous skin reactions, 351 Essen, 363 essential services personnel, influenza vaccination, 255 Europe diphtheria, 187 hepatitis B, 209 influenza, 245 Japanese encephalitis, 261 measles, 268 mumps, 295 poliomyelitis, 338
abies and other lyssaviruses (including Australian bat lyssavirus), 353, 354 tick-borne encephalitis, 114, 121 tuberculosis, 408, 409 F failure of vaccines, 20–21 fainting. see vasovagal episode fatal disseminated infection, and tuberculosis vaccination, 414 febrile convulsions, 92–93, 94 and influenza vaccination, 244, 249, 257 and measles vaccination, 278, 279 and pertussis vaccination, 312 and varicella vaccination, 434 febrile seizures, 493 and measles vaccination, 272, 279 and mumps vaccination, 299 and pneumococcal vaccination, 334, 335 and rubella vaccination, 388–389 and varicella vaccination, 428 Fluad, 248 Fluarix, 247 vaccine components, 470–472 Fluvax, 92, 248 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 249, 257 vaccine components, 469–472 variations from product information, 258 Fluvax Junior, 92 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 257 formaldehyde, in vaccines, 19, 470, 486 funeral workers, vaccination recommendations, 172 G Gardasil, 234, 235 vaccine components, 470–472 variations from product information, 242 gastroenteritis, and rotavirus vaccination, 380 gelatin, in vaccines, 19, 471, 485 gentamicin, in vaccines, 471 glossary of technical terms, 489–494 glutaraldehyde, in vaccines, 471 glycine, in vaccines, 485 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 93 and influenza vaccination, 257 and meningococcal vaccination, 292, 293 vaccination recommendations, 34 H haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), 196 hepatitis B, 222 meningococcal disease, 291 rotavirus, 373 vaccination recommendations, 155–157, 156–157 zoster, 447 haemodialysis patients, hepatitis B vaccination, 222 haemoglobinopathies and influenza vaccination, 254 and pneumococcal vaccination, 326–327 Haemophilus influenzae, 191, 192 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), 191–197 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 196 bacteriology, 191 catch-up vaccination for children, 46, 49, 50, 51, 54–55 changes in the 10th edition of the handbook, 12 clinical features, 191 co-administration with other vaccines, 203 contraindications to vaccination, 196 dosage and administration, 194 epidemiology, 191–192 and HIV-infected persons, 159 and Indigenous children, 106–107 interchangeability of vaccines, 194 minimum acceptable age for the 1st vaccine dose, 46 minimum acceptable vaccine dose intervals, 50 number of vaccine doses for children, 49 and persons with asplenia, 162, 163–164 pregnancy and breastfeeding, 136, 196 and preterm infants, 144 public health management, 197 recommendations, 195–196 route of vaccine administration, 68–69 transport, storage and handling, 194 vaccines, 192–193 variations from product information, 197 Haemophilus influenzae type b–meningococcal C combination vaccine (Hib-MenCCV), 12, 14, 52, 192–193, 285–286, 288. see also Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); meningococcal disease Hajj pilgrimage, 116, 120, 129, 290. see also Middle East HALO principle, 61–63 Havrix 1440, 199 dosage and administration, 125, 202 Havrix Junior, 199 recommended dose and schedule, 202 recommended lower age limit, 127 vaccine components, 469–472 HBsAg-positive mothers, hepatitis B vaccination, 219 INDEX 507 INDEX
Page 1 and 2:
The Australian Immunisation Handboo
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FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTI
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
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List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
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PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
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Secretariat support, Australian Tec
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
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1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
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1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
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1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
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2.2 Administration of vaccines •
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• The section on vaccination of p
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4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
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• For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
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Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
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without the harmful consequences of
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(vaccine failure). Often such infec
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will occur following receipt of a s
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cases, both the doctor issuing the
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Should a child or adolescent refuse
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• check that the correct time int
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Note: Please discuss this informati
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
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An online ‘catch-up calculator’
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Use of serological testing to guide
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• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
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Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
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Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
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Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
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Catch-up guidelines for individual
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If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
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Previous vaccination history 2 prev
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
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Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
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For additional details on these rec
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2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
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• Never freeze a vaccine after it
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
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2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
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Interruption to a vaccination If th
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2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
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Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
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2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
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• Place the palm over the greater
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2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
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2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
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Management of an immediate adverse
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Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
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Autoinjectors are generally not app
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Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
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Any serious or unexpected adverse e
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Consumers and immunisation service
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When relevant, immunisation service
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National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
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Immunisation service providers enro
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PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
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Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
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3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
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een low in younger Indigenous adult
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3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
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• vaccination history (including
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departure to allow for the period w
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Selected vaccines based on travel i
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Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
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3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
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• Travel health and quarantine se
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whether the AEFI is likely to recur
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(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
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avoided, except in situations where
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3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
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Use of live viral or live bacterial
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Influenza vaccination is recommende
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Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
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Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
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depending on the number of vaccines
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Persons with functional or anatomic
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Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
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Persons with autoimmune diseases an
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Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
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3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
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Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
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against certain vaccine-preventable
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3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
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waters. All cases of cholera report
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Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
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4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
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4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
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• Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
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antibodies at an age when waning of
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children aged
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4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
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• Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
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4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
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4.3.11 Public health management of
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In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
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Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Recommendations for the use of comb
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4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
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4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
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4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
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For older children and young adults
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Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
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Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
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Management of infants born to mothe
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Household or other close (household
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with occult hepatitis B infection.
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immune memory persists and is thoug
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to suggest that a higher proportion
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Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
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women. The prevalence of high-risk
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• Gardasil - CSL Limited/Merck &
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If scheduled doses have been missed
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However, some adult males may gain
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4.6.9 Contraindications The only ab
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4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The in
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Figure 4.7.1: Influenza notificatio
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Always check annual seasonal influe
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7.5 µg of viral haemagglutinin (in
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Table 4.7.1: Recommended doses of i
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• Chronic respiratory conditions,
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Residents of residential aged care
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influenza vaccine prior to administ
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4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
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28 days following vaccination with
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When using JEspect in children aged
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4.8.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding I
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4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
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4.9.4 Vaccines Monovalent measles v
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4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
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Table 4.9.1: Recommendations for me
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increase in adverse events from vac
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Immunoglobulin or blood product adm
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approximately 5%. 2,25 There is als
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Table 4.9.2: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.10.1 B
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4.10.4 Vaccines There are different
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Polysaccharide vaccines Quadrivalen
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Interchangeability of meningococcal
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• Children (aged ≥9 months) and
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Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
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4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
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Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MM
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4.11.7 Recommendations Infants aged
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Vaccination with other live attenua
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acquired from healthcare workers. 1
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demonstrated a more rapid decline,
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• Boostrix-IPV - GlaxoSmithKline
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in the previous 10 years. 19,45 Adu
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(see ‘Women who are planning preg
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an HHE. An HHE may last from a few
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The product information for Quadrac
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4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
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non-Indigenous children (88%). 19,2
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10-valent pneumococcal conjugate va
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lesser antibody responses to 2nd or
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Table 4.13.1: Recommendations for p
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Category B: Conditions associated w
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Children aged >5 years to 15 years)
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Non-Indigenous adults A single dose
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Adults who have a condition listed
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4.13.11 Adverse events 10-valent pn
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5 years with a condition(s) associa
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virtually eradicated in India, but
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formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polys
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4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
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4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
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individuals, which can be accessed
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Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
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4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
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4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
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of an even more accelerated schedul
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
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The relevant state/territory health
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Although data are limited on the ef
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Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
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Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
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Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
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allergic reaction occurs following
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age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
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of age, the risk of IS was increase
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Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
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gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
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Infants living in households with p
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4.17.12 Variations from product inf
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2003, rubella notifications in Aust
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zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
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children
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A number of commercial assays for t
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Germany indicates that no case of v
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case. Seronegative women of child-b
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4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
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Formulations for children aged
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4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
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foreign bodies (especially wood spl
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studies indicate that the adverse r
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The product information for Adacel
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of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
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BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
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Occupational groups There is some e
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4.20.13 Variations from product inf
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In developed countries, typhoid fev
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A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
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4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
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as a case of wild-type varicella oc
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Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
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adequate protection from varicella.
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eceived varicella vaccine while bre
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immunoglobulin and other blood prod
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eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
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high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
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4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
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1000 cases per 100 000 population i
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administration of Zostavax with 23-
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diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
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Laboratory testing to check for an
Page 469 and 470: 4.24.12 Variations from product inf
Page 471 and 472: the immunoglobulin preparations con
Page 473 and 474: Prevention of measles Measles vacci
Page 475 and 476: who are being treated with immunosu
Page 477 and 478: limb with a separate syringe, and a
Page 479 and 480: APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
Page 481 and 482: APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
Page 483 and 484: APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
Page 485 and 486: Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
Page 487 and 488: APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
Page 489 and 490: When should preterm infants be vacc
Page 491 and 492: If a parent decides not to have a c
Page 493 and 494: Should vaccines be given to persons
Page 495 and 496: eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
Page 497 and 498: Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
Page 499 and 500: (either alone or in combination) fo
Page 501 and 502: A4.5 Questions about the need for i
Page 503 and 504: APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
Page 505 and 506: Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
Page 507 and 508: Rotavirus a virus that is a common
Page 509 and 510: APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
Page 511 and 512: OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
Page 513 and 514: Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
Page 515 and 516: identifying the injection site, 79-
Page 517 and 518: Australian Capital Territory advers
Page 519: and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
Page 523 and 524: HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
Page 525 and 526: interferon-gamma release assays (IG
Page 527 and 528: mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
Page 529 and 530: Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
Page 531 and 532: and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
Page 533 and 534: espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
Page 535 and 536: Therapeutic Goods Administration (T
Page 537 and 538: varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 45
Page 539 and 540: INDEX 525 INDEX
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