The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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dosage and administration, 418–419 epidemiology, 416–417 and HIV-infected persons, 159 precautions, 421–422 pregnancy and breastfeeding, 137, 139, 421 public health management, 422 recommendations, 419–420 route of vaccine administration, 68–69 transport, storage and handling, 418 and travellers, 122 vaccines, 417–418 variations from product information, 422 V vaccination, commonly asked questions, 473–488 vaccination contraindications. see contraindications to vaccination vaccination documentation. see documentation of vaccination vaccination procedures. see procedures for vaccination vaccination recommendations. see under individual disease names vaccination status and history, 39–40 vaccine administration. see administration of vaccines vaccine availability in Australia, 498–499 vaccine components, commonly asked questions about, 484–486 vaccine effectiveness, 20–21 vaccine efficacy, 20–21 vaccine failure, 20–21 Vaccine Information and Vaccine Administration System (VIVAS), 102–103 vaccine preparation. see preparation of vaccines vaccine product information, 5, 6, 19. see also under individual disease names, variations from product information vaccine safety, 21–23. see also adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) commonly asked questions about, 481–483 vaccine side effects. see adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) vaccine-preventable diseases, 175–455. see also under individual disease names changes in the 10th edition of the handbook, 11–16 cholera, 11, 176–181 diphtheria, 11–12, 182–190 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), 12, 191–197 hepatitis A, 12, 198–207 hepatitis B, 12, 208–230 human papillomavirus (HPV), 13, 231–242 influenza, 13, 243–258 Japanese encephalitis, 13, 259–266 522 The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition measles, 13–14, 267–282 meningococcal disease, 14, 283–294 mumps, 13–14, 295–301 pertussis, 11–12, 302–316 pneumococcal disease, 14–15, 317–337 poliomyelitis, 15, 338–344 Q fever, 15, 345–352 rabies and other lyssaviruses (including Australian bat lyssavirus), 15–16, 353–371 rotavirus, 16, 372–383 rubella, 13–14, 384–396 tetanus, 11–12, 397–407 tuberculosis, 16, 408–415 typhoid, 416–422 varicella, 13–14, 423–438 yellow fever, 16, 439–445 zoster (herpes zoster), 16, 446–455 vaginal cancer, 233 valid consent. see consent valid dose. see dosage Vaqta Adult formulation, 200 dosage and administration, 125, 202 vaccine components, 469–472 Vaqta Paediatric/Adolescent formulation, 200 dosage and administration, 202 lower age limits for, 127 vaccine components, 469–472 varicella, 423–438 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 433–435 catch-up vaccination, 52, 63–64 changes in the 10th edition of the handbook, 13–14 and children, 427–428 clinical features, 423 co-administration with other vaccines, 427 contraindications to vaccination, 431–432 dosage and administration, 49, 50, 427 epidemiology, 424 higher risk groups, 430 and HIV-infected persons, 159 interchangeability of vaccines, 427 minimum acceptable age for the 1st vaccine dose, 47 post-exposure vaccination, 429–430, 437 precautions, 432–433 pregnancy and breastfeeding, 140, 430–431, 432 public health management, 435–437 recommendations, 427–430 serological testing for immunity, 429 transport, storage and handling, 426–427 and travellers, 118 vaccines, 68–69, 424–426 variations from product information, 437–438 virology, 423
varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 457 varicella-zoster virus (VZV), 423, 446. see also varicella; zoster (herpes zoster) Varilrix, 48, 425 dosage and administration, 124 transport, storage and handling, 426 vaccine components, 469, 469–472, 471 variations from product information, 437 Varivax Refrigerated, 425 dosage and administration, 124 transport, storage and handling, 427 vaccine components, 469, 471 variations from product information, 437, 438 vasovagal episode, 87–88 vastus lateralis injection site, 73, 75, 78, 79–80, 474 Vaxigrip, 247 vaccine components, 470–471 Vaxigrip Junior, 247 ventrogluteal injection site, 73, 74, 76, 78, 80–81, 83, 84, 474 veterinarians. see animals, persons working with Vibrio cholerae, 119, 176. see also cholera Victoria adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) notification, 95, 96 age of consent, 26 Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 457 government health authority and communicable disease control contact details, 465–466 pneumococcal disease, 52, 56, 322 pneumococcal vaccination, 52, 56 Victorian Cytology Service, 101 viral haemorrhagic fever. see yellow fever Vivaxim, 200, 417 dosage and administration, 125–126, 202, 419 recommended doses and schedules, 202 Vivotif Oral, 417–418 dosage and administration, 126 lower age limits for, 128 variations from product information, 422 vulval cancer, 233 W Western Australia adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) notification, 95, 96 age of consent, 26 Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 457 government health authority and communicable disease control contact details, 465–466 hepatitis A, 105, 107, 199, 203, 204 hepatitis A vaccine recommendations for Indigenous persons, 203 influenza, 92 pneumococcal disease, 15, 52, 57, 105, 108, 318, 324 pneumococcal vaccination, 57–58 tuberculosis, 106, 107 whooping cough. see pertussis wildlife workers. see animals, persons working with women. see also breastfeeding; human papillomavirus, female vaccination; pregnancy planning pregnancy, pregnant or breastfeeding, 133–142 rubella vaccination for women of childbaring age, 390, 391 World Health Organization Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 228 World Health Organization (WHO) global elimination of measles, 268 Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 338 immunisation schedules for other countries, 173 influenza pandemic, 245–246 rabies vaccine recommendations, 358, 363, 367 and rubella vaccination, 385 serological testing for immunity to rubella, 391 and tuberculosis, 408 yellow fever vaccination requirements, 442 wounds management after rabies or lyssavirus exposure, 357, 361, 366, 367 tetanus prophylaxis for, 403–404 tetanus-prone wounds, 402–404 Y yeast, in vaccines, 472 yellow fever, 68–69 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 444 changes in the 10th edition of the handbook, 16 clinical features, 439 co-administration with other vaccines, 441 contraindications to vaccination, 443–444 dosage and administration, 440–441 and egg allergies, 132–133 epidemiology, 439–440 and HIV-infected persons, 159 and immunocompromised persons, 148 precautions, 444 pregnancy and breastfeeding, 139, 443, 445 public health management, 445 recommendations, 441–442 INDEX 523 INDEX
Page 1 and 2:
The Australian Immunisation Handboo
Page 3 and 4:
FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTI
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
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List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
Page 11 and 12:
PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
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Secretariat support, Australian Tec
Page 15 and 16:
PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
Page 17 and 18:
1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
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1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
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1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
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2.2 Administration of vaccines •
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• The section on vaccination of p
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4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
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• For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
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Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
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without the harmful consequences of
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(vaccine failure). Often such infec
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will occur following receipt of a s
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cases, both the doctor issuing the
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Should a child or adolescent refuse
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• check that the correct time int
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Note: Please discuss this informati
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
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An online ‘catch-up calculator’
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Use of serological testing to guide
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• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
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Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
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Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
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Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
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Catch-up guidelines for individual
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If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
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Previous vaccination history 2 prev
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
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Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
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For additional details on these rec
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2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
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• Never freeze a vaccine after it
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
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2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
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Interruption to a vaccination If th
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2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
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Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
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2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
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• Place the palm over the greater
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2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
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2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
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Management of an immediate adverse
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Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
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Autoinjectors are generally not app
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Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
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Any serious or unexpected adverse e
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Consumers and immunisation service
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When relevant, immunisation service
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National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
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Immunisation service providers enro
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PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
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Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
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3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
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een low in younger Indigenous adult
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3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
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• vaccination history (including
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departure to allow for the period w
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Selected vaccines based on travel i
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Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
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3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
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• Travel health and quarantine se
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whether the AEFI is likely to recur
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(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
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avoided, except in situations where
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3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
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Use of live viral or live bacterial
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Influenza vaccination is recommende
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Page 167 and 168:
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Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
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Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
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depending on the number of vaccines
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Persons with functional or anatomic
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Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
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Persons with autoimmune diseases an
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Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
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3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
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Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
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against certain vaccine-preventable
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3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
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waters. All cases of cholera report
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Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
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4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
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4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
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• Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
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antibodies at an age when waning of
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children aged
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4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
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• Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
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4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
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4.3.11 Public health management of
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In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
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Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Recommendations for the use of comb
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4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
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4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
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4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
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For older children and young adults
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Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
Page 231 and 232:
Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
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Management of infants born to mothe
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Household or other close (household
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with occult hepatitis B infection.
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immune memory persists and is thoug
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to suggest that a higher proportion
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Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
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women. The prevalence of high-risk
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• Gardasil - CSL Limited/Merck &
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If scheduled doses have been missed
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However, some adult males may gain
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4.6.9 Contraindications The only ab
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4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The in
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Figure 4.7.1: Influenza notificatio
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Always check annual seasonal influe
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7.5 µg of viral haemagglutinin (in
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Table 4.7.1: Recommended doses of i
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• Chronic respiratory conditions,
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Residents of residential aged care
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influenza vaccine prior to administ
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4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
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28 days following vaccination with
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When using JEspect in children aged
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4.8.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding I
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4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
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4.9.4 Vaccines Monovalent measles v
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4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
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Table 4.9.1: Recommendations for me
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increase in adverse events from vac
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Immunoglobulin or blood product adm
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approximately 5%. 2,25 There is als
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Table 4.9.2: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.10.1 B
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4.10.4 Vaccines There are different
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Polysaccharide vaccines Quadrivalen
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Interchangeability of meningococcal
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• Children (aged ≥9 months) and
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Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
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4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
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Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MM
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4.11.7 Recommendations Infants aged
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Vaccination with other live attenua
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acquired from healthcare workers. 1
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demonstrated a more rapid decline,
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• Boostrix-IPV - GlaxoSmithKline
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in the previous 10 years. 19,45 Adu
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(see ‘Women who are planning preg
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an HHE. An HHE may last from a few
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The product information for Quadrac
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4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
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non-Indigenous children (88%). 19,2
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10-valent pneumococcal conjugate va
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lesser antibody responses to 2nd or
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Table 4.13.1: Recommendations for p
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Category B: Conditions associated w
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Children aged >5 years to 15 years)
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Non-Indigenous adults A single dose
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Adults who have a condition listed
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4.13.11 Adverse events 10-valent pn
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5 years with a condition(s) associa
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virtually eradicated in India, but
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formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polys
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4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
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4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
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individuals, which can be accessed
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Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
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4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
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4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
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of an even more accelerated schedul
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
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The relevant state/territory health
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Although data are limited on the ef
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Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
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Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
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Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
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allergic reaction occurs following
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age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
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of age, the risk of IS was increase
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Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
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gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
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Infants living in households with p
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4.17.12 Variations from product inf
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2003, rubella notifications in Aust
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zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
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children
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A number of commercial assays for t
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Germany indicates that no case of v
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case. Seronegative women of child-b
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4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
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Formulations for children aged
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4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
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foreign bodies (especially wood spl
Page 419 and 420:
studies indicate that the adverse r
Page 421 and 422:
The product information for Adacel
Page 423 and 424:
of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
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BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
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Occupational groups There is some e
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
In developed countries, typhoid fev
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A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
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4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
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as a case of wild-type varicella oc
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Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
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adequate protection from varicella.
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eceived varicella vaccine while bre
Page 447 and 448:
immunoglobulin and other blood prod
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eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
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high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
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4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
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Co-administration with other vaccin
Page 457 and 458:
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Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
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1000 cases per 100 000 population i
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administration of Zostavax with 23-
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diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
Page 467 and 468:
Laboratory testing to check for an
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
the immunoglobulin preparations con
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Prevention of measles Measles vacci
Page 475 and 476:
who are being treated with immunosu
Page 477 and 478:
limb with a separate syringe, and a
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APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
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APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
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APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
Page 485 and 486: Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
Page 487 and 488: APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
Page 489 and 490: When should preterm infants be vacc
Page 491 and 492: If a parent decides not to have a c
Page 493 and 494: Should vaccines be given to persons
Page 495 and 496: eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
Page 497 and 498: Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
Page 499 and 500: (either alone or in combination) fo
Page 501 and 502: A4.5 Questions about the need for i
Page 503 and 504: APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
Page 505 and 506: Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
Page 507 and 508: Rotavirus a virus that is a common
Page 509 and 510: APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
Page 511 and 512: OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
Page 513 and 514: Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
Page 515 and 516: identifying the injection site, 79-
Page 517 and 518: Australian Capital Territory advers
Page 519 and 520: and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
Page 521 and 522: abies and other lyssaviruses (inclu
Page 523 and 524: HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
Page 525 and 526: interferon-gamma release assays (IG
Page 527 and 528: mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
Page 529 and 530: Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
Page 531 and 532: and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
Page 533 and 534: espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
Page 535: Therapeutic Goods Administration (T
Page 539 and 540: INDEX 525 INDEX
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