The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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simultaneous injections, 9, 84 sinusitis, 317 skin cleaning for vaccination, 70 skin disease, and tuberculosis vaccination, 414 skin penetration procedures, vaccination recommendations, 172, 209, 210, 223 skin test. see Q-Vax Skin Test; tuberculin skin test smallpox, 1, 7, 104, 171, 482 smokers. see tobacco smoking sodium borate, in vaccines, 470 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients hepatitis A, 204 hepatitis B, 222 rotavirus, 373 vaccination recommendations, 150–154, 151–154 sorbitol, in vaccines, 19, 472, 485 South Australia adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) notification, 95, 96 age of consent, 26 Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 457 government health authority and communicable disease control contact details, 465–466 hepatitis A, 105, 107, 199, 203, 204 online ‘catch-up calculator,’ 39 pneumococcal disease, 52, 57, 57–58, 105, 108, 318, 324 tuberculosis, 106, 408 special risk groups, 9–11, 104–175. see also under risk group names Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, 35, 104–112 adverse event following immunisation, 130–133 anaesthesia or surgery, 36, 168 bleeding disorders, 168 blood product recipients, 33, 166–167 correctional facility inmates, 174 drugs, persons who inject, 175 men who have sex with men, 174 migrants to Australia, 173–174 normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) recipients, 166–167 occupational risks, 169–173 sex industry workers, 175 travellers, 127–128 spica casts, injection sites, 74 splenectomy. see asplenia, persons with Stamaril, 440 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 444 dosage and administration, 126 and egg protein, 132 520 The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition lower age limits for, 128 transport, storage and handling, 440 status of vaccination. see vaccination status and history steroids, and zoster vaccination, 453 straddle position, 77–78 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 108, 155, 317. see also pneumococcal disease subcutaneous (SC) injection, 68–69, 72, 82 sucrose, in vaccines, 19, 485 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 94, 143 and pertussis vaccination, 313 surgery, vaccination recommendations before or after, 168 Synagis, 457, 462 Synflorix, 320 dosage and administration, 194, 323 systemic lupus erythematosus, vaccination recommendations, 165 T Tasmania adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) notification, 96 age of consent, 26 Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 457 government health authority and communicable disease control contact details, 465–466 pneumococcal disease, 52, 56 tattooists. see skin penetration procedures tetanus, 397–407 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 405 bacteriology, 397 changes in the 10th edition of the handbook, 11–12 clinical features, 397 contraindications to vaccination, 404 dosage and administration, 401 epidemiology, 398 precautions, 404–405 pregnancy and breastfeeding, 402 public health management, 405 recommendations, 401–402 tetanus-prone wounds, 402–404 transport, storage and handling, 401 and travellers, 117 vaccines, 398–400 variations from product information, 405–407 tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG), 403–404 availability, 457 intramuscular use, 462–463 intravenous use, 463 Tetanus Immunoglobulin-VF, 405, 463. see also tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG)
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), 5, 7, 18, 94, 461, 482, 486 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) notification, 96, 134 direct reporting to, 96–97 vaccine components, 469–472 thimerosal. see thiomersal, in vaccines thiomersal, in vaccines, 19, 347, 469, 484 thrombocytopenia, 493 and measles vaccination, 278, 279 and passive immunisation, 464 and rubella vaccination, 384, 394 and varicella vaccination, 423, 434 thymus disorders, and yellow fever vaccination, 444 tick-borne encephalitis, and travellers, 121 tobacco smoking, and pneumococcal disease, 110, 327, 331 Torres Strait Islanders. see Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Torres Strait Islands. see also Queensland, and Japanese encephalitis vaccination, 111, 172, 264 transplants. see haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients; solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients transport, storage and handling of vaccines, 7, 24–25. see also under individual disease names travellers. see also Africa; Americas; Asia; Europe; Middle East; Oceania; Saudi Arabia children – lower age limits for vaccines, 127–128 cholera, 119 common infections, 113–114 diphtheria, 117 dosage and administration, 123–126 hepatitis A, 119, 204 hepatitis B, 117–118, 224 immunocompromised persons, 147 influenza, 118, 256 Japanese encephalitis, 119, 263–264 measles, 274 meningococcal disease, 120, 291 MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella) vaccine, 118 online information sources on health risks for, 128–129 pertussis, 117 pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj and Umra), 16, 120, 129, 290 pneumococcal disease, 118 poliomyelitis, 118, 342 pre-travel information to acquire, 114–117 rabies, 120, 358 routinely recommended vaccines, 117–118 special risk groups, 127–128 tetanus, 117 tick-borne encephalitis vaccination, 121 tuberculosis, 121 typhoid, 122, 417, 419–420 vaccination recommendations, 36 vaccine documentation, 116–117 vaccines based on itinerary, 119–126 vaccines required by International Health Regulations, 116 yellow fever, 122, 440, 441–442 Tripacel, 184, 306, 400 variations from product information, 189, 315, 406 tuberculin skin test, 116, 121, 410, 413 and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, 278 tuberculosis (TB), 408–415 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), 414 bacteriology, 408 BCG vaccination procedures, 411 changes in the 10th edition of the handbook, 16 clinical features, 408 contraindications to vaccination, 413 dosage and administration, 410–411 epidemiology, 408–409 and Indigenous neonates, 106, 412 precautions, 121, 414 pregnancy and breastfeeding, 413 public health management, 414 recommendations, 412–413 transport, storage and handling, 410 and travellers, 121 variations from product information, 414 Twinrix (720/20), 200, 212 dosage and administration, 125, 202, 217 lower age limits for, 202 vaccination recommendations, 205 vaccination schedules, 215, 217 vaccination schedules, accelerated, 216 Twinrix Junior (360/10), 200, 211–212 dosage and administration, 202, 217 lower age limits for, 127 recommended doses and schedules, 202 vaccination schedule, 215 Typherix, 417 dosage and administration, 126, 419 lower age limits for, 128 Typhim Vi, 417 dosage and administration, 126, 419 lower age limits for, 128 variations from product information, 422 typhoid, 416–422 bacteriology, 416 clinical features, 416 co-administration with other vaccines, 419 contraindications to vaccination, 421 INDEX 521 INDEX
Page 1 and 2:
The Australian Immunisation Handboo
Page 3 and 4:
FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTI
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
Page 9 and 10:
List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
Page 11 and 12:
PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
Page 13 and 14:
Secretariat support, Australian Tec
Page 15 and 16:
PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
Page 17 and 18:
1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
Page 19 and 20:
1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
Page 21 and 22:
1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
Page 23 and 24:
2.2 Administration of vaccines •
Page 25 and 26:
• The section on vaccination of p
Page 27 and 28:
4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
Page 29 and 30:
• For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
Page 31 and 32:
Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
Page 33 and 34:
without the harmful consequences of
Page 35 and 36:
(vaccine failure). Often such infec
Page 37 and 38:
will occur following receipt of a s
Page 39 and 40:
cases, both the doctor issuing the
Page 41 and 42:
Should a child or adolescent refuse
Page 43 and 44:
• check that the correct time int
Page 45 and 46:
Note: Please discuss this informati
Page 47 and 48:
Condition or circumstance of person
Page 49 and 50:
Condition or circumstance of person
Page 51 and 52:
Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
Page 53 and 54:
An online ‘catch-up calculator’
Page 55 and 56:
Use of serological testing to guide
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• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
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Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
Page 63 and 64:
Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
Page 65 and 66:
Catch-up guidelines for individual
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If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
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Previous vaccination history 2 prev
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
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Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
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For additional details on these rec
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2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
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• Never freeze a vaccine after it
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
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2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
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Interruption to a vaccination If th
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2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
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Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
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2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
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• Place the palm over the greater
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2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
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2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
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Management of an immediate adverse
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Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
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Autoinjectors are generally not app
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Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
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Any serious or unexpected adverse e
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Consumers and immunisation service
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When relevant, immunisation service
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National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
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Immunisation service providers enro
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PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
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Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
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3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
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een low in younger Indigenous adult
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3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
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• vaccination history (including
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departure to allow for the period w
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Selected vaccines based on travel i
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Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
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3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
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• Travel health and quarantine se
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whether the AEFI is likely to recur
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(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
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Page 151 and 152:
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avoided, except in situations where
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3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
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Use of live viral or live bacterial
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Influenza vaccination is recommende
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Page 167 and 168:
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Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
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Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
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depending on the number of vaccines
Page 175 and 176:
Persons with functional or anatomic
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Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
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Persons with autoimmune diseases an
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Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
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3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
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Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
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against certain vaccine-preventable
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3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
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waters. All cases of cholera report
Page 193 and 194:
Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
Page 195 and 196:
4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
Page 197 and 198:
4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
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• Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
Page 201 and 202:
antibodies at an age when waning of
Page 203 and 204:
children aged
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4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
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• Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
Page 209 and 210:
4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
Page 211 and 212:
4.3.11 Public health management of
Page 213 and 214:
In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
Page 215 and 216:
Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
Page 217 and 218:
Co-administration with other vaccin
Page 219 and 220:
Recommendations for the use of comb
Page 221 and 222:
4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
Page 223 and 224:
4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
Page 225 and 226:
4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
Page 227 and 228:
For older children and young adults
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Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
Page 231 and 232:
Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
Page 233 and 234:
Management of infants born to mothe
Page 235 and 236:
Household or other close (household
Page 237 and 238:
with occult hepatitis B infection.
Page 239 and 240:
immune memory persists and is thoug
Page 241 and 242:
to suggest that a higher proportion
Page 243 and 244:
Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
Page 245 and 246:
4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
Page 247 and 248:
women. The prevalence of high-risk
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• Gardasil - CSL Limited/Merck &
Page 251 and 252:
If scheduled doses have been missed
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However, some adult males may gain
Page 255 and 256:
4.6.9 Contraindications The only ab
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4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The in
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Figure 4.7.1: Influenza notificatio
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Always check annual seasonal influe
Page 263 and 264:
7.5 µg of viral haemagglutinin (in
Page 265 and 266:
Table 4.7.1: Recommended doses of i
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• Chronic respiratory conditions,
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Residents of residential aged care
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influenza vaccine prior to administ
Page 273 and 274:
4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
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28 days following vaccination with
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When using JEspect in children aged
Page 279 and 280:
4.8.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding I
Page 281 and 282:
4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
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4.9.4 Vaccines Monovalent measles v
Page 285 and 286:
4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
Page 287 and 288:
Table 4.9.1: Recommendations for me
Page 289 and 290:
increase in adverse events from vac
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Immunoglobulin or blood product adm
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approximately 5%. 2,25 There is als
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Table 4.9.2: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.10.1 B
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4.10.4 Vaccines There are different
Page 301 and 302:
Polysaccharide vaccines Quadrivalen
Page 303 and 304:
Interchangeability of meningococcal
Page 305 and 306:
• Children (aged ≥9 months) and
Page 307 and 308:
Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
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4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
Page 311 and 312:
Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MM
Page 313 and 314:
4.11.7 Recommendations Infants aged
Page 315 and 316:
Vaccination with other live attenua
Page 317 and 318:
acquired from healthcare workers. 1
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demonstrated a more rapid decline,
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• Boostrix-IPV - GlaxoSmithKline
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in the previous 10 years. 19,45 Adu
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(see ‘Women who are planning preg
Page 327 and 328:
an HHE. An HHE may last from a few
Page 329 and 330:
The product information for Quadrac
Page 331 and 332:
4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
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non-Indigenous children (88%). 19,2
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10-valent pneumococcal conjugate va
Page 337 and 338:
lesser antibody responses to 2nd or
Page 339 and 340:
Table 4.13.1: Recommendations for p
Page 341 and 342:
Category B: Conditions associated w
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Children aged >5 years to 15 years)
Page 345 and 346:
Non-Indigenous adults A single dose
Page 347 and 348:
Adults who have a condition listed
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4.13.11 Adverse events 10-valent pn
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5 years with a condition(s) associa
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virtually eradicated in India, but
Page 355 and 356:
formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polys
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4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Page 359 and 360:
4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
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4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
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individuals, which can be accessed
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Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
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4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
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4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
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of an even more accelerated schedul
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
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The relevant state/territory health
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Although data are limited on the ef
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Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
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Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
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Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
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allergic reaction occurs following
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age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
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of age, the risk of IS was increase
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Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
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gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
Page 395 and 396:
Infants living in households with p
Page 397 and 398:
4.17.12 Variations from product inf
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2003, rubella notifications in Aust
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zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
Page 403 and 404:
children
Page 405 and 406:
A number of commercial assays for t
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Germany indicates that no case of v
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case. Seronegative women of child-b
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4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
Page 413 and 414:
Formulations for children aged
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4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
Page 417 and 418:
foreign bodies (especially wood spl
Page 419 and 420:
studies indicate that the adverse r
Page 421 and 422:
The product information for Adacel
Page 423 and 424:
of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
Page 425 and 426:
BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
Page 427 and 428:
Occupational groups There is some e
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
In developed countries, typhoid fev
Page 433 and 434:
A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
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as a case of wild-type varicella oc
Page 441 and 442:
Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
Page 443 and 444:
adequate protection from varicella.
Page 445 and 446:
eceived varicella vaccine while bre
Page 447 and 448:
immunoglobulin and other blood prod
Page 449 and 450:
eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
Page 451 and 452:
high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
Page 453 and 454:
4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
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Co-administration with other vaccin
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
Page 461 and 462:
1000 cases per 100 000 population i
Page 463 and 464:
administration of Zostavax with 23-
Page 465 and 466:
diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
Page 467 and 468:
Laboratory testing to check for an
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
the immunoglobulin preparations con
Page 473 and 474:
Prevention of measles Measles vacci
Page 475 and 476:
who are being treated with immunosu
Page 477 and 478:
limb with a separate syringe, and a
Page 479 and 480:
APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
Page 481 and 482:
APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
Page 483 and 484: APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
Page 485 and 486: Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
Page 487 and 488: APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
Page 489 and 490: When should preterm infants be vacc
Page 491 and 492: If a parent decides not to have a c
Page 493 and 494: Should vaccines be given to persons
Page 495 and 496: eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
Page 497 and 498: Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
Page 499 and 500: (either alone or in combination) fo
Page 501 and 502: A4.5 Questions about the need for i
Page 503 and 504: APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
Page 505 and 506: Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
Page 507 and 508: Rotavirus a virus that is a common
Page 509 and 510: APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
Page 511 and 512: OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
Page 513 and 514: Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
Page 515 and 516: identifying the injection site, 79-
Page 517 and 518: Australian Capital Territory advers
Page 519 and 520: and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
Page 521 and 522: abies and other lyssaviruses (inclu
Page 523 and 524: HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
Page 525 and 526: interferon-gamma release assays (IG
Page 527 and 528: mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
Page 529 and 530: Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
Page 531 and 532: and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
Page 533: espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
Page 537 and 538: varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 45
Page 539 and 540: INDEX 525 INDEX
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