The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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Similar to measles, persons born in the late 1960s to mid-1980s (especially the 1978–1982 birth cohort) are recognised to be at a greater risk of mumps. Many missed being vaccinated or acquiring mumps infection as infants (when vaccine coverage was low and disease incidence was decreasing), and may also have missed catch-up vaccinations during their school years as part of either the Measles Control Campaign (which only targeted primary-school-aged children) or the Young Adult Measles Control Campaign (which did not result in high coverage). 16,17 During outbreaks, mumps attack rates are lowest in persons who have received 2 doses of mumps-containing vaccines, as this provides optimal long-term protection. 5,13 In Australia, over the 11-year period from 1996 to 2006, mumps was reported as the underlying cause of 5 deaths, all in adults aged over 80 years. 7-10 4.11.4 Vaccines Monovalent mumps vaccine is not available in Australia. Mumps vaccination is provided using either measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles-mumpsrubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccines. Two quadrivalent combination vaccines containing live attenuated measles, mumps, rubella and varicella viruses (MMRV) are registered in Australia. Clinical trials of MMR vaccine indicate 95% mumps seroconversion after a single dose and up to 100% after a 2nd dose. 4 However, outbreak investigations and post-marketing studies have reported 1-dose vaccine effectiveness to be between 60 and 90%. 13,18 A Cochrane review reported 1-dose vaccine effectiveness to be between 69% and 81% for the vaccine containing the Jeryl Lynn mumps strain and between 70% and 75% for the vaccine containing the Urabe strain. 19 While protection is greater in 2-dose vaccine recipients, recent outbreaks have reported mumps in 2-dose vaccine recipients, particularly young adults who received their vaccines more than 10 years previously. 14,15,20,21 Combination MMRV vaccines have been shown, in clinical trials, to produce similar rates of seroconversion to all four vaccine components compared with MMR vaccine and monovalent varicella vaccines administered concomitantly at separate injection sites. 22-25 See further information on MMR and MMRV vaccines in 4.9 Measles and 4.22 Varicella. 296 The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition
Trivalent measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccines • M-M-R II – CSL Limited/Merck & Co Inc (live attenuated measles virus [Enders’ attenuated Edmonston strain], mumps virus [Jeryl Lynn B level strain] and rubella virus [Wistar RA 27/3 strain]). Lyophilised pellet in a monodose vial with separate diluent. Each 0.5 mL reconstituted dose contains ≥1000 tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID 50 ) of Enders’ attenuated Edmonston measles virus, ≥12 500 TCID 50 of the Jeryl Lynn B level mumps virus, and ≥1000 TCID 50 of the Wistar RA 27/3 rubella virus; sorbitol; sucrose; hydrolysed gelatin; human albumin; fetal bovine serum; neomycin. • Priorix – GlaxoSmithKline (live attenuated measles virus [Schwarz strain], mumps virus [RIT 4385 strain, derived from the Jeryl Lynn strain] and rubella virus [Wistar RA 27/3 strain]). Lyophilised pellet in a monodose vial with a pre-filled diluent syringe. Each 0.5 mL reconstituted dose contains ≥10 3.0 cell culture infectious dose 50% (CCID 50 ) of the Schwarz measles virus, ≥10 3.7 CCID 50 of the RIT 4385 mumps virus, and ≥10 3.0 CCID 50 of the Wistar RA 27/3 rubella virus; lactose; neomycin; sorbitol; mannitol. Quadrivalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccines • Priorix-tetra – GlaxoSmithKline (live attenuated measles virus [Schwarz strain], mumps virus [RIT 4385 strain, derived from the Jeryl Lynn strain], rubella virus [Wistar RA 27/3 strain] and varicellazoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophilised pellet in a monodose vial with a pre-filled diluent syringe. Each 0.5 mL reconstituted dose contains ≥103.0 CCID of the Schwarz measles virus, ≥10 50 4.4 CCID of the RIT 50 4385 mumps virus, ≥103.0 CCID of the Wistar RA 27/3 rubella virus, 50 and ≥103.3 plaque-forming units (PFU) of Oka varicella-zoster virus; lactose; neomycin; sorbitol; mannitol. • ProQuad – CSL Limited/Merck & Co Inc (live attenuated measles virus [Enders’ attenuated Edmonston strain], mumps virus [Jeryl Lynn B level strain], rubella virus [Wistar RA 27/3 strain] and varicella-zoster virus [Oka/Merck strain]). Lyophilised powder in a monodose vial with a pre-filled diluent syringe. Each 0.5 mL reconstituted dose contains ≥103.0 TCID of Enders’ attenuated 50 Edmonston measles virus, ≥104.3 TCID of the Jeryl Lynn B level 50 mumps virus, ≥103.0 TCID of the Wistar RA 27/3 rubella virus, and 50 ≥103.99 PFU of Oka/Merck varicella virus; sucrose; hydrolysed gelatin; urea; sorbitol; monosodium L-glutamate; human albumin; neomycin; residual components of MRC-5 cells; bovine serum albumin. PART 4 VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES 297 4.11 MUMPS
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The Australian Immunisation Handboo
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FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTI
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
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List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
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PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
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Secretariat support, Australian Tec
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
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1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
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1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
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1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
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2.2 Administration of vaccines •
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• The section on vaccination of p
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4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
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• For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
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Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
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without the harmful consequences of
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(vaccine failure). Often such infec
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will occur following receipt of a s
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cases, both the doctor issuing the
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Should a child or adolescent refuse
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• check that the correct time int
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Note: Please discuss this informati
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
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An online ‘catch-up calculator’
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Use of serological testing to guide
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• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
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Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
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Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
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Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
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Catch-up guidelines for individual
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If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
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Previous vaccination history 2 prev
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
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Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
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For additional details on these rec
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2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
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• Never freeze a vaccine after it
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
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2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
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Interruption to a vaccination If th
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2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
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Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
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2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
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• Place the palm over the greater
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2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
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2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
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Management of an immediate adverse
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Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
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Autoinjectors are generally not app
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Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
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Any serious or unexpected adverse e
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Consumers and immunisation service
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When relevant, immunisation service
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National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
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Immunisation service providers enro
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PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
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Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
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3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
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een low in younger Indigenous adult
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3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
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• vaccination history (including
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departure to allow for the period w
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Selected vaccines based on travel i
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Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
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3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
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• Travel health and quarantine se
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whether the AEFI is likely to recur
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(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
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avoided, except in situations where
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3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
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Use of live viral or live bacterial
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Influenza vaccination is recommende
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Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
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Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
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depending on the number of vaccines
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Persons with functional or anatomic
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Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
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Persons with autoimmune diseases an
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Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
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3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
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Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
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against certain vaccine-preventable
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3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
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waters. All cases of cholera report
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Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
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4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
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4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
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• Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
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antibodies at an age when waning of
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children aged
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4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
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• Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
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4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
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4.3.11 Public health management of
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In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
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Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Recommendations for the use of comb
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4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
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4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
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4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
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For older children and young adults
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Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
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Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
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Management of infants born to mothe
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Household or other close (household
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with occult hepatitis B infection.
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immune memory persists and is thoug
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to suggest that a higher proportion
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Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
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women. The prevalence of high-risk
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• Gardasil - CSL Limited/Merck &
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If scheduled doses have been missed
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However, some adult males may gain
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4.6.9 Contraindications The only ab
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4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The in
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Page 273 and 274: 4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
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Page 279 and 280: 4.8.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding I
Page 281 and 282: 4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
Page 283 and 284: 4.9.4 Vaccines Monovalent measles v
Page 285 and 286: 4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
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Page 297 and 298: 4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.10.1 B
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Page 303 and 304: Interchangeability of meningococcal
Page 305 and 306: • Children (aged ≥9 months) and
Page 307 and 308: Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
Page 309: 4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
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Page 319 and 320: demonstrated a more rapid decline,
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Page 323 and 324: in the previous 10 years. 19,45 Adu
Page 325 and 326: (see ‘Women who are planning preg
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Page 329 and 330: The product information for Quadrac
Page 331 and 332: 4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
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Page 339 and 340: Table 4.13.1: Recommendations for p
Page 341 and 342: Category B: Conditions associated w
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Page 345 and 346: Non-Indigenous adults A single dose
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Page 357 and 358: 4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Page 359 and 360: 4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
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4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
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individuals, which can be accessed
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Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
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4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
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4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
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of an even more accelerated schedul
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
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The relevant state/territory health
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Although data are limited on the ef
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Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
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Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
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Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
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allergic reaction occurs following
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age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
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of age, the risk of IS was increase
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Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
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gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
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Infants living in households with p
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4.17.12 Variations from product inf
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2003, rubella notifications in Aust
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zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
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children
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A number of commercial assays for t
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Germany indicates that no case of v
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case. Seronegative women of child-b
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4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
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Formulations for children aged
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4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
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foreign bodies (especially wood spl
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studies indicate that the adverse r
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The product information for Adacel
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of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
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BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
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Occupational groups There is some e
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In developed countries, typhoid fev
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A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
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4.21.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
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as a case of wild-type varicella oc
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Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
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adequate protection from varicella.
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eceived varicella vaccine while bre
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immunoglobulin and other blood prod
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eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
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high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
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4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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4.23.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
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1000 cases per 100 000 population i
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administration of Zostavax with 23-
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diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
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Laboratory testing to check for an
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the immunoglobulin preparations con
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Prevention of measles Measles vacci
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who are being treated with immunosu
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limb with a separate syringe, and a
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APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
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APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
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APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
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Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
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APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
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When should preterm infants be vacc
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If a parent decides not to have a c
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Should vaccines be given to persons
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eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
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Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
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(either alone or in combination) fo
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A4.5 Questions about the need for i
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APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
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Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
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Rotavirus a virus that is a common
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APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
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OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
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Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
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identifying the injection site, 79-
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Australian Capital Territory advers
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and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
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abies and other lyssaviruses (inclu
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HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
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interferon-gamma release assays (IG
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mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
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Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
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and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
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espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
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Therapeutic Goods Administration (T
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varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 45
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INDEX 525 INDEX
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The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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