The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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• Infants from 6 weeks to 12 months of age who have medical conditions that put them at high risk of meningococcal disease, such as functional or anatomical asplenia43 or inherited defects of properdin or complement, persons receiving treatment with eculizumab (a monoclonal antibody directed against complement component C5), 45 or those post haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), are recommended to receive up to 2 doses of MenCCV vaccine prior to 12 months of age. (See also 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements.) Infants with these conditions who are 6 weeks to
• Children (aged ≥9 months) and adults with high-risk medical conditions, such as functional or anatomical asplenia43,44 or complement component disorders (C5-C9, properdin, factor D or factor H), persons receiving treatment with eculizumab (a monoclonal antibody directed against complement component C5), 45 or those post HSCT. In persons with these risk factors, a 2-dose primary schedule of 4vMenCV is recommended, with doses given approximately 8 weeks apart. 48 Give 4vMenCV at least 8 weeks after any previous MenCCV doses. In young children who have received 1 or more doses of MenCCV prior to 12 months of age, the 1st dose of 4vMenCV is recommended at 12 months of age. <strong>The</strong> 2nd 4vMenCV dose should be provided by 18 months of age. (See also 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements and Table 3.3.5 Recommendations for vaccination in persons with functional or anatomical asplenia.) For persons who have previously received a dose of 4vMenPV, a booster dose of 4vMenCV, 3 years after the last dose of 4vMenPV, is recommended (see ‘Booster doses or revaccination’ below). Where 4vMenCV is contraindicated, a single dose of 4vMenPV can be given to persons aged ≥2 years, unless otherwise indicated. Booster doses or revaccination Although the duration of protection following 4vMenCV remains unknown, persons with medical conditions that place them at high risk of meningococcal disease (as described above) who have completed a 2-dose primary schedule of 4vMenCV, should receive 4vMenCV at 5-yearly intervals thereafter, until further data becomes available. 36,49,50 This includes high-risk infants who have received MenCCV in infancy, followed by 2 doses of 4vMenCV in the 2nd year of life. (See also 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements and Table 3.3.5 Recommendations for vaccination in persons with functional or anatomical asplenia.) Persons aged ≥9 months with a medical condition that places them at high risk of meningococcal disease, and who have previously received 4vMenPV, should receive a booster dose of 4vMenCV, 3 years after their last dose of 4vMenPV. <strong>The</strong>reafter, administer 4vMenCV every 5 years. In persons with other risks for meningococcal disease, such as laboratory personnel or those travelling to endemic or hyperendemic regions, a dose of 4vMenCV should be administered every 5 years if the risk of meningococcal exposure is ongoing. For those aged ≥2 years with underlying risk factors, but in whom 4vMenCV is contraindicated, ongoing boosting with 4vMenPV is recommended at 5-yearly intervals unless otherwise indicated. 4.10.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding Meningococcal vaccines are not routinely recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, 1,51,52 but can be given where clinically indicated (see 4.10.7 Recommendations above). PART 4 VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES 291 4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE
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The Australian Immunisation Handboo
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FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTI
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
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List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
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PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
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Secretariat support, Australian Tec
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
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1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
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1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
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1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
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2.2 Administration of vaccines •
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• The section on vaccination of p
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4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
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• For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
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Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
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without the harmful consequences of
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(vaccine failure). Often such infec
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will occur following receipt of a s
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cases, both the doctor issuing the
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Should a child or adolescent refuse
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• check that the correct time int
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Note: Please discuss this informati
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
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An online ‘catch-up calculator’
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Use of serological testing to guide
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• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
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Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
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Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
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Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
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Catch-up guidelines for individual
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If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
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Previous vaccination history 2 prev
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
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Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
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For additional details on these rec
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2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
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• Never freeze a vaccine after it
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
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2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
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Interruption to a vaccination If th
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2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
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Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
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2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
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• Place the palm over the greater
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2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
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2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
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Management of an immediate adverse
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Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
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Autoinjectors are generally not app
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Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
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Any serious or unexpected adverse e
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Consumers and immunisation service
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When relevant, immunisation service
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National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
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Immunisation service providers enro
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PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
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Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
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3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
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een low in younger Indigenous adult
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3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
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• vaccination history (including
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departure to allow for the period w
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Selected vaccines based on travel i
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Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
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3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
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• Travel health and quarantine se
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whether the AEFI is likely to recur
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(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
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avoided, except in situations where
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3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
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Use of live viral or live bacterial
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Influenza vaccination is recommende
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Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
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Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
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depending on the number of vaccines
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Persons with functional or anatomic
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Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
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Persons with autoimmune diseases an
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Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
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3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
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Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
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against certain vaccine-preventable
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3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
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waters. All cases of cholera report
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Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
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4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
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4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
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• Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
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antibodies at an age when waning of
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children aged
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4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
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• Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
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4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
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4.3.11 Public health management of
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In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
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Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Recommendations for the use of comb
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4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
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4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
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4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
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For older children and young adults
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Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
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Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
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Management of infants born to mothe
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Household or other close (household
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with occult hepatitis B infection.
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immune memory persists and is thoug
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to suggest that a higher proportion
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Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
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women. The prevalence of high-risk
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• Gardasil - CSL Limited/Merck &
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If scheduled doses have been missed
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Page 273 and 274: 4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
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Page 281 and 282: 4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
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Page 285 and 286: 4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
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Page 307 and 308: Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
Page 309 and 310: 4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
Page 311 and 312: Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MM
Page 313 and 314: 4.11.7 Recommendations Infants aged
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Page 319 and 320: demonstrated a more rapid decline,
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Page 331 and 332: 4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
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Page 345 and 346: Non-Indigenous adults A single dose
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formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polys
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4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
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4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
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individuals, which can be accessed
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Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
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4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
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4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
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of an even more accelerated schedul
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
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The relevant state/territory health
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Although data are limited on the ef
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Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
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Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
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Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
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allergic reaction occurs following
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age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
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of age, the risk of IS was increase
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Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
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gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
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Infants living in households with p
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4.17.12 Variations from product inf
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2003, rubella notifications in Aust
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zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
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children
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A number of commercial assays for t
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Germany indicates that no case of v
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case. Seronegative women of child-b
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4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
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Formulations for children aged
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4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
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foreign bodies (especially wood spl
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studies indicate that the adverse r
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The product information for Adacel
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of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
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BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
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Occupational groups There is some e
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In developed countries, typhoid fev
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A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
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4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
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as a case of wild-type varicella oc
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Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
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adequate protection from varicella.
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eceived varicella vaccine while bre
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immunoglobulin and other blood prod
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eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
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high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
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4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
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1000 cases per 100 000 population i
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administration of Zostavax with 23-
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diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
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Laboratory testing to check for an
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the immunoglobulin preparations con
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Prevention of measles Measles vacci
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who are being treated with immunosu
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limb with a separate syringe, and a
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APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
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APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
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APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
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Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
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APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
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When should preterm infants be vacc
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If a parent decides not to have a c
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Should vaccines be given to persons
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eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
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Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
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(either alone or in combination) fo
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A4.5 Questions about the need for i
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APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
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Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
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Rotavirus a virus that is a common
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APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
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OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
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Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
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identifying the injection site, 79-
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Australian Capital Territory advers
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and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
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abies and other lyssaviruses (inclu
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HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
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interferon-gamma release assays (IG
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mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
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Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
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and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
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espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
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Therapeutic Goods Administration (T
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varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 45
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INDEX 525 INDEX
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The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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