The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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iv The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition
TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALIAN IMMUNISATION HANDBOOK 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Development of the 10th edition of the Handbook 3 1.3 How to use the 10th edition Handbook 5 1.4 What’s new 7 1.5 Fundamentals of immunisation 18 PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 24 2.1 Pre-vaccination 24 2.2 Administration of vaccines 65 2.3 Post-vaccination 85 PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK GROUPS 104 3.1 Vaccination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 104 3.2 Vaccination for international travel 113 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements 130 PART 4 VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES 176 4.1 Cholera 176 4.2 Diphtheria 182 4.3 Haemophilus influenzae type b 191 4.4 Hepatitis A 198 4.5 Hepatitis B 208 4.6 Human papillomavirus 231 4.7 Influenza 243 4.8 Japanese encephalitis 259 4.9 Measles 267 4.10 Meningococcal disease 283 4.11 Mumps 295 4.12 Pertussis 302 4.13 Pneumococcal disease 317 4.14 Poliomyelitis 338 4.15 Q fever 345 4.16 Rabies and other lyssaviruses (including Australian bat lyssavirus) 353 v
Page 1 and 2: The Australian Immunisation Handboo
Page 3: FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
Page 9 and 10: List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
Page 11 and 12: PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
Page 13 and 14: Secretariat support, Australian Tec
Page 15 and 16: PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
Page 21 and 22: 1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
Page 23 and 24: 2.2 Administration of vaccines •
Page 25 and 26: • The section on vaccination of p
Page 27 and 28: 4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
Page 29 and 30: • For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
Page 31 and 32: Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
Page 33 and 34: without the harmful consequences of
Page 35 and 36: (vaccine failure). Often such infec
Page 37 and 38: will occur following receipt of a s
Page 39 and 40: cases, both the doctor issuing the
Page 41 and 42: Should a child or adolescent refuse
Page 43 and 44: • check that the correct time int
Page 45 and 46: Note: Please discuss this informati
Page 47 and 48: Condition or circumstance of person
Page 49 and 50: Condition or circumstance of person
Page 51 and 52: Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
Page 53 and 54: An online ‘catch-up calculator’
Page 55 and 56:
Use of serological testing to guide
Page 57 and 58:
• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
Page 61 and 62:
Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
Page 63 and 64:
Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
Page 65 and 66:
Catch-up guidelines for individual
Page 67 and 68:
If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
Page 69 and 70:
Previous vaccination history 2 prev
Page 71 and 72:
PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
Page 73 and 74:
PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
Page 75 and 76:
Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
Page 77 and 78:
For additional details on these rec
Page 79 and 80:
2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
Page 81 and 82:
• Never freeze a vaccine after it
Page 83 and 84:
PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
Page 85 and 86:
2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
Page 87 and 88:
Interruption to a vaccination If th
Page 89 and 90:
2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
Page 91 and 92:
Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
Page 93 and 94:
2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
Page 95 and 96:
• Place the palm over the greater
Page 97 and 98:
2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
Page 99 and 100:
2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
Page 101 and 102:
Management of an immediate adverse
Page 103 and 104:
Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
Page 105 and 106:
Autoinjectors are generally not app
Page 107 and 108:
Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
Page 109 and 110:
Any serious or unexpected adverse e
Page 111 and 112:
Consumers and immunisation service
Page 113 and 114:
When relevant, immunisation service
Page 115 and 116:
National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
Page 117 and 118:
Immunisation service providers enro
Page 119 and 120:
PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
Page 121 and 122:
Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
Page 123 and 124:
3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
Page 125 and 126:
een low in younger Indigenous adult
Page 127 and 128:
3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
Page 129 and 130:
• vaccination history (including
Page 131 and 132:
departure to allow for the period w
Page 133 and 134:
Selected vaccines based on travel i
Page 135 and 136:
Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
Page 143 and 144:
• Travel health and quarantine se
Page 145 and 146:
whether the AEFI is likely to recur
Page 147 and 148:
(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
avoided, except in situations where
Page 159 and 160:
3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
Page 161 and 162:
Use of live viral or live bacterial
Page 163 and 164:
Influenza vaccination is recommende
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
Page 171 and 172:
Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
Page 173 and 174:
depending on the number of vaccines
Page 175 and 176:
Persons with functional or anatomic
Page 177 and 178:
Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
Page 179 and 180:
Persons with autoimmune diseases an
Page 181 and 182:
Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
Page 183 and 184:
3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
Page 185 and 186:
Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
Page 187 and 188:
against certain vaccine-preventable
Page 189 and 190:
3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
Page 191 and 192:
waters. All cases of cholera report
Page 193 and 194:
Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
Page 195 and 196:
4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
Page 197 and 198:
4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
Page 199 and 200:
• Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
Page 201 and 202:
antibodies at an age when waning of
Page 203 and 204:
children aged
Page 205 and 206:
4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
Page 207 and 208:
• Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
Page 209 and 210:
4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
Page 211 and 212:
4.3.11 Public health management of
Page 213 and 214:
In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
Page 215 and 216:
Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
Page 217 and 218:
Co-administration with other vaccin
Page 219 and 220:
Recommendations for the use of comb
Page 221 and 222:
4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
Page 223 and 224:
4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
Page 225 and 226:
4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
Page 227 and 228:
For older children and young adults
Page 229 and 230:
Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
Page 231 and 232:
Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
Page 233 and 234:
Management of infants born to mothe
Page 235 and 236:
Household or other close (household
Page 237 and 238:
with occult hepatitis B infection.
Page 239 and 240:
immune memory persists and is thoug
Page 241 and 242:
to suggest that a higher proportion
Page 243 and 244:
Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
Page 245 and 246:
4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
Page 247 and 248:
women. The prevalence of high-risk
Page 249 and 250:
• Gardasil - CSL Limited/Merck &
Page 251 and 252:
If scheduled doses have been missed
Page 253 and 254:
However, some adult males may gain
Page 255 and 256:
4.6.9 Contraindications The only ab
Page 257 and 258:
4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The in
Page 259 and 260:
Figure 4.7.1: Influenza notificatio
Page 261 and 262:
Always check annual seasonal influe
Page 263 and 264:
7.5 µg of viral haemagglutinin (in
Page 265 and 266:
Table 4.7.1: Recommended doses of i
Page 267 and 268:
• Chronic respiratory conditions,
Page 269 and 270:
Residents of residential aged care
Page 271 and 272:
influenza vaccine prior to administ
Page 273 and 274:
4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
Page 275 and 276:
28 days following vaccination with
Page 277 and 278:
When using JEspect in children aged
Page 279 and 280:
4.8.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding I
Page 281 and 282:
4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
Page 283 and 284:
4.9.4 Vaccines Monovalent measles v
Page 285 and 286:
4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
Page 287 and 288:
Table 4.9.1: Recommendations for me
Page 289 and 290:
increase in adverse events from vac
Page 291 and 292:
Immunoglobulin or blood product adm
Page 293 and 294:
approximately 5%. 2,25 There is als
Page 295 and 296:
Table 4.9.2: Post-exposure prophyla
Page 297 and 298:
4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.10.1 B
Page 299 and 300:
4.10.4 Vaccines There are different
Page 301 and 302:
Polysaccharide vaccines Quadrivalen
Page 303 and 304:
Interchangeability of meningococcal
Page 305 and 306:
• Children (aged ≥9 months) and
Page 307 and 308:
Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
Page 309 and 310:
4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
Page 311 and 312:
Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MM
Page 313 and 314:
4.11.7 Recommendations Infants aged
Page 315 and 316:
Vaccination with other live attenua
Page 317 and 318:
acquired from healthcare workers. 1
Page 319 and 320:
demonstrated a more rapid decline,
Page 321 and 322:
• Boostrix-IPV - GlaxoSmithKline
Page 323 and 324:
in the previous 10 years. 19,45 Adu
Page 325 and 326:
(see ‘Women who are planning preg
Page 327 and 328:
an HHE. An HHE may last from a few
Page 329 and 330:
The product information for Quadrac
Page 331 and 332:
4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
Page 333 and 334:
non-Indigenous children (88%). 19,2
Page 335 and 336:
10-valent pneumococcal conjugate va
Page 337 and 338:
lesser antibody responses to 2nd or
Page 339 and 340:
Table 4.13.1: Recommendations for p
Page 341 and 342:
Category B: Conditions associated w
Page 343 and 344:
Children aged >5 years to 15 years)
Page 345 and 346:
Non-Indigenous adults A single dose
Page 347 and 348:
Adults who have a condition listed
Page 349 and 350:
4.13.11 Adverse events 10-valent pn
Page 351 and 352:
5 years with a condition(s) associa
Page 353 and 354:
virtually eradicated in India, but
Page 355 and 356:
formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polys
Page 357 and 358:
4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Page 359 and 360:
4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
Page 361 and 362:
4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
Page 363 and 364:
individuals, which can be accessed
Page 365 and 366:
Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
Page 367 and 368:
4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
Page 369 and 370:
4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
Page 371 and 372:
of an even more accelerated schedul
Page 373 and 374:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
Page 375 and 376:
The relevant state/territory health
Page 377 and 378:
Although data are limited on the ef
Page 379 and 380:
Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
Page 381 and 382:
Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
Page 383 and 384:
Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
Page 385 and 386:
allergic reaction occurs following
Page 387 and 388:
age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
Page 389 and 390:
of age, the risk of IS was increase
Page 391 and 392:
Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
Page 393 and 394:
gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
Page 395 and 396:
Infants living in households with p
Page 397 and 398:
4.17.12 Variations from product inf
Page 399 and 400:
2003, rubella notifications in Aust
Page 401 and 402:
zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
Page 403 and 404:
children
Page 405 and 406:
A number of commercial assays for t
Page 407 and 408:
Germany indicates that no case of v
Page 409 and 410:
case. Seronegative women of child-b
Page 411 and 412:
4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
Page 413 and 414:
Formulations for children aged
Page 415 and 416:
4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
Page 417 and 418:
foreign bodies (especially wood spl
Page 419 and 420:
studies indicate that the adverse r
Page 421 and 422:
The product information for Adacel
Page 423 and 424:
of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
Page 425 and 426:
BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
Page 427 and 428:
Occupational groups There is some e
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
In developed countries, typhoid fev
Page 433 and 434:
A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
Page 439 and 440:
as a case of wild-type varicella oc
Page 441 and 442:
Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
Page 443 and 444:
adequate protection from varicella.
Page 445 and 446:
eceived varicella vaccine while bre
Page 447 and 448:
immunoglobulin and other blood prod
Page 449 and 450:
eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
Page 451 and 452:
high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
Page 453 and 454:
4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
Page 455 and 456:
Co-administration with other vaccin
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
Page 461 and 462:
1000 cases per 100 000 population i
Page 463 and 464:
administration of Zostavax with 23-
Page 465 and 466:
diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
Page 467 and 468:
Laboratory testing to check for an
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
the immunoglobulin preparations con
Page 473 and 474:
Prevention of measles Measles vacci
Page 475 and 476:
who are being treated with immunosu
Page 477 and 478:
limb with a separate syringe, and a
Page 479 and 480:
APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
Page 481 and 482:
APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
Page 483 and 484:
APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
Page 485 and 486:
Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
Page 487 and 488:
APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
Page 489 and 490:
When should preterm infants be vacc
Page 491 and 492:
If a parent decides not to have a c
Page 493 and 494:
Should vaccines be given to persons
Page 495 and 496:
eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
Page 497 and 498:
Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
Page 499 and 500:
(either alone or in combination) fo
Page 501 and 502:
A4.5 Questions about the need for i
Page 503 and 504:
APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
Page 505 and 506:
Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
Page 507 and 508:
Rotavirus a virus that is a common
Page 509 and 510:
APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
Page 511 and 512:
OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
Page 513 and 514:
Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
Page 515 and 516:
identifying the injection site, 79-
Page 517 and 518:
Australian Capital Territory advers
Page 519 and 520:
and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
Page 521 and 522:
abies and other lyssaviruses (inclu
Page 523 and 524:
HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
Page 525 and 526:
interferon-gamma release assays (IG
Page 527 and 528:
mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
Page 529 and 530:
Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
Page 531 and 532:
and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
Page 533 and 534:
espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
Page 535 and 536:
Therapeutic Goods Administration (T
Page 537 and 538:
varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 45
Page 539 and 540:
INDEX 525 INDEX
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The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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