Excel's Formula - sisman

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150 Part II: Using Functions in Your <strong>Formula</strong>s A particularly useful custom number format for displaying times is [h]:mm:ss Using square brackets around the hour part of the format string causes Excel to display hours beyond 24 hours. You will find this useful when adding times that exceed 24 hours. For an example, see the “Summing times that exceed 24 hours” section later in this chapter. Problems with dates Excel has some problems when it comes to dates. Many of these problems stem from the fact that Excel was designed many years ago, before the acronym Y2K became a household term. And, as I describe, the Excel designers basically emulated the Lotus 1-2-3 limited date and time features, which contain a nasty bug duplicated intentionally in Excel. In addition, versions of Excel show inconsistency in how they interpret a cell entry that has a two-digit year. And finally, how Excel interprets a date entry depends on your regional date settings. If Excel were being designed from scratch today, I’m sure it would be much more versatile in dealing with dates. Unfortunately, we’re currently stuck with a product that leaves much to be desired in the area of dates. The Excel leap year bug A leap year, which occurs every four years, contains an additional day (February 29). Specifically, years that are evenly divisible by 100 are not leap years, unless they are also evenly divisible by 400. Although the year 1900 was not a leap year, Excel treats it as such. In other words, when you type the following into a cell, Excel does not complain. It interprets this as a valid date and assigns a serial number of 60: 2/29/1900 If you type the following invalid date, Excel correctly interprets it as a mistake and doesn’t convert it to a date. Rather, it simply makes the cell entry a text string: 2/29/1901 How can a product used daily by millions of people contain such an obvious bug? The answer is historical. The original version of Lotus 1-2-3 contained a bug that caused it to consider 1900 as a leap year. When Excel was released some time later, the designers knew of this bug and chose to reproduce it in Excel to maintain compatibility with Lotus worksheet files. Why does this bug still exist in later versions of Excel? Microsoft asserts that the disadvantages of correcting this bug outweigh the advantages. If the bug were eliminated, it would mess up
Chapter 6: Working with Dates and Times 151 hundreds of thousands of existing workbooks. In addition, correcting this problem would affect compatibility between Excel and other programs that use dates. As it stands, this bug really causes very few problems because most users do not use dates before March 1, 1900. Pre-1900 dates The world, of course, didn’t begin on January 1, 1900. People who work with historical information using Excel often need to work with dates before January 1, 1900. Unfortunately, the only way to work with pre-1900 dates is to enter the date into a cell as text. For example, you can type the following into a cell, and Excel won’t complain: July 4, 1776 If you plan to sort information by old dates entered as text, you should enter your text dates with a four-digit year, followed by a two-digit month, and then a two-digit day — like this: 1776-07-04. This format will enable accurate sorting. You can’t, however, perform any manipulation on dates recognized as text. For example, you can’t change its numeric formatting, you can’t determine which day of the week this date occurred on, and you can’t calculate the date that occurs seven days later. In Chapter 25, I present some custom VBA functions that enable you to work with any date in the years 0100 through 9999. Inconsistent date entries You need to exercise caution when entering dates by using two digits for the year. When you do so, Excel has some rules that kick in to determine which century to use. And those rules vary, depending on the version of Excel that you use. Two-digit years between 00 and 29 are interpreted as 21st century dates, and two-digit years between 30 and 99 are interpreted as 20th century dates. For example, if you enter 12/15/28, Excel interprets your entry as December 15, 2028. However, if you enter 12/15/30, Excel sees it as December 15, 1930, because Windows uses a default boundary year of 2029. You can keep the default as is or change it by using the Windows Control Panel. Display the Regional and Language Options dialog box. Then click the Customize button to display the Customize Regional Options dialog box. Select the Date tab and then specify a different year. The best way to avoid any surprises is to simply enter all years using all four digits for the year.
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Excel ® Microsoft 2010 ® Microsof
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Excel® 2010 Formulas Published by
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Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’
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vi Part VII: Appendixes Appendix A:
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viii Keyboard shortcuts . . . . . .
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x Potential Problems with Names . .
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xii Date-Related Functions . . . .
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xiv Working with Tables . . . . . .
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xvi Chapter 13: Financial Schedules
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xviii Creating Links to Cells . . .
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xx Excel’s Auditing Tools . . . .
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xxii Does the text match a pattern?
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1 INTRODUCTION Welcome to Excel 201
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VBA code listings Introduction 3 Do
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Introduction 5 This chapter is abso
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Introduction 7 You can also use thi
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Basic Information Chapter 1 Excel i
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14 Excel 4 Part I: Basic Informatio
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Figure 7-14 shows this formula at w
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The following array formula does th
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Using Lookup Functions In This Chap
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Tables and Worksheet Databases In T
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Figure 9-7: A table, after performi
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About the SUBTOTAL function Chapter
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Figure 9-13: This table shows sales
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You can specify more complex filter
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Figure 9-17: The Advanced Filter di
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10 Miscellaneous Calculations In Th
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Need to convert other units? Solvin
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Table 10-1: Excel Rounding Function
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Round it up to the nearest penny.
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Financial Formulas Chapter 11 Borro
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Introducing Arrays In This Chapter
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Chapter 14: Introducing Arrays 369
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Figure 14-4: Creating a named array
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To add the three smallest values, y
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Performing Magic with Array Formula
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4. Select B4:H9 and enter this arra
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PART V Miscellaneous Formula Techni
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Introducing VBA In This Chapter ●
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Figure 22-2: The Macro Settings sec
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Introducing the Visual Basic Editor
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Immediate window Chapter 22: Introd
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Figure 22-8: Use the Properties win
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Storing VBA code In general, a modu
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Function Procedure Basics In This C
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Figure 23-1: A simple VBA function
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Chapter 23: Function Procedure Basi
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3. Type the name of your function i
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Table 23-1: Function Categories Cat
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VBA Programming Concepts In This Ch
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x = 1 InterestRate = 0.0625 LoanPay
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Table 24-2: VBA Logical Operators O
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Do While loops Do Until loops On
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The Count property Chapter 24: VBA
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VBA Custom Function Examples In Thi
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On the CD Chapter 25: VBA Custom Fu
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Understanding object parents Chapte
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Chapter 25: VBA Custom Function Exa
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A Multifunctional Function Chapter
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Worksheet function data types Gener
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For i = 2 To TextLen If Mid(text, i
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Function WORDCOUNT(rng As Range) As
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Multisheet Functions Chapter 25: VB
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Function RANGERANDOMIZE(rng) Dim V(
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Appendixes Appendix A Excel Functio
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768 Part VII: Appendixes Turn off
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770 Index array formulas (continued
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772 Index CONVERT function, 275-277
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776 Index For-Next loops, 652-654 F
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778 Index LOGNORMDIST function, 718
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784 Index tables (continued) rows,
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786 Index VBA (continued) data type
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788 Index
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5. Limited Warranty. (a) WPI warran
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COMPUTERS/Spreadsheets $49.99 US $5
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