INDEX compressive, in stope crowns 155, 421 <strong>and</strong> drilling parameters 67 due to blasting 221 gas in 525–6 hydraulic 161 radial 526, 531 sets, <strong>and</strong> in situ stress 146, 434 tension 206, 227, 398, 558 transverse 229 see also Discontinuities; Joints Fragmentation 53, 77, 367, 454, 476–9, 525, 538 <strong>and</strong> blasting 53, 366, 367, 454, 524–6, 538, 542 <strong>and</strong> draw control 458, 465, 469, 479, 481, 487, 495 in situ 478 primary 367, 478 secondary 478–9 Frequency, corner 306, 307, 311 Fretting 373, 390, 392 Friction angle 122–9, 132–3, 412 coefficient of 6, 122, 303, 328 <strong>and</strong> fractured rock 219–21 limiting 191, 219, 258 mobilising 221, 264 <strong>and</strong> peripheral rock performance 264 Frictional resistance 128, 191, 235, 241, 243, 412, 424, 528, 561 maximum 191 shear stress 241, 243 Fringe (isochromatic) pattern 166 Frozen-stress method 166 Funnelling 484 see also Chimney caving Gabbro 114 Gases, mine 354 Gate roads 448, 452 Gath’s Mine, Zimbabwe 505, 505 Gauss Divergence Theorem 193, 194 Gaussian methods 151, 182 Gelignites 519 Geological data see Structural data Geological Strength Index (GSI) 78, 81–2, 82, 135, 136, 138, 322, 323 Geomechanics classification 78, 84, 134, 505 convention 17, 39–40, 41, 42, 282 defined 1 <strong>and</strong> mining programmes 13, 351 see also Beniawski; Laubscher Geophones 304, 305, 539, 540, 557 Geophysical measurements 64, 69, 138, 354 see also Downhole logs Geotechnical drilling 64–8, Geotechnical engineering 1, 87, 543 Geotechnical environment 7 Germany 308, 510 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) 546, 548 Gneiss 160, 320, 321 Goaf treatment 516 619 Gold mines 49–50, 50, 345, 430–2, 434–6, 439, 454, 462, 549 South Africa 49–50, 50, 345, 430, 431, 434–7, 439 Gold reefs 299, 301, 302 Gordonstone Mine, Queensl<strong>and</strong>, Australia 442, 443, 445, 446 Grade distribution 354, 356 Grade, ore 356, 359, 479 Grading 57, 401, 410–1, 411 Grain 3, 47, 49, 88, 92, 93, 96, 103, 113 packing 113 size 47, 88, 96, 113 Grain-sliding 103 Grängesberg Mine, Sweden 502, 502 Granite 80, 103, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 141, 160, 215 Graphite 48, 123, 125, 129, 558, 561 Gravity draw 476 Gravity flow 454–63, 477, 481, 483 broken or caved ore 454–63 ellipsoid of motion 454–7, 459 <strong>and</strong> extraction drift width 462 <strong>and</strong> flow ellipsoid 454, 455, 459 limit ellipsoid 454, 456, 457, 459, 483 loosening factor 483 Gravity loading 225, 226, 229, 476 Great circles 71–3, 83, 245, 247, 248, 568, 569, 570–2 Great Dyke of Rhodesia, The 49 Griffith crack theory 107–9, 108, 299, 524, 527 locus 107, 109 Grinding, autogenous 367, 479 Ground characteristic line 315, 320, 448 Ground control 299, 301, 370, 401, 408–9, 419, 423–9 <strong>and</strong> backfill 357, 358, 408–9, 417, 423–8, 425 near-field 370 of reinforcement 427, 429 Ground motion 305, 309, 532–4, 535–8, 539–41, 542 damage 532, 534, 536, 537, 538 instrumentation for 538, 544 near-field, monitoring 538 peak 53 quantifying 534–6 shock spectrum 534 vibration packets 540 waveforms 539 Ground reaction curve 322, 323, 324 Groundwater 3–6, 12, 78, 79, 80, 81, 158, 164, 354, 489–93, 502, 543, 544 level 490–2, 544 <strong>and</strong> mine design 3, 14, 165, 543 pressure 3, 78, 79, 158, 164, 489, 490, 493, 502, 543 <strong>and</strong> chimney caving analysis 484–9, 490, 493–5 measurements 158, 164, 544, 545 Grout load capacity 335, 336 -tendon bond 335–7, 422 Grouted dowels 329 Grouting 324, 339, 340, 342, 450, 543 Gunite 342 Hangingwall failure model 50, 439, 486, 502 Hardening parameter 117 Harmonic extraction 517 Haulage drives 197, 211, 348, 564 Haunches 226 Heave, floor rock 224, 225, 390, 453, 465 Heim’s Rule 160 Hemispherical projections 71, 72, 568 basic constructions 568 great circles 72 pole to a plane 568, 569 rotation about inclined axis 572, 573 true dip <strong>and</strong> dip direction 571, 572 Henderson Mine, Colorado, USA 500 Herringbone extraction level layout 477 Hoek-Brown strength criterion 81, 112, 113–5, 114, 134–6, 198, 215, 322, 323, 383, 492–3 Hoek’s hangingwall failure analysis 502 Homestake Mine 428 Homogeneous zones 60 Hooke’s Law 35, 36, 279, 281 Hydraulic conductivity 57 feed machines 65 fracturing 148, 153–5, 154, 161, 446, 468 pressure cells 552–4 props 313, 434, 436–8 radius 267, 469, 470, 475 see also Permeability Hydrology 4, 12, 367 see also Groundwater Hydrostatic component 25, 117 Hydrothermal deposits 352 Igneous rocks 48, 49, 103, 114 Impedance, characteristic 279, 280, 283, 425 Inclusions, effect on in situ stress 145 Influence functions 509, 510 Instability fault slip 301–4, 303, 308, 404–5, 404, 431–2, 432 pillar crushing 294, 392, 404 Instruments, monitoring 547 Integral methods, stress analysis 179 International Society for <strong>Rock</strong> <strong>Mechanics</strong> (ISRM) see ISRM Interpolation functions 181–6 Intraformational shears 49 Isoparametric formulation 183, 189 Isostasy 144 Isotropic hardening 116 Isotropy, transverse 36, 117 ISRM Commission 51–3, 54–6, 58, 69, 88, 90–2, 97, 98, 120 borehole extensometers 547, 549, 550–2, 561 on compression testing 90, 92
INDEX Jaeger’s plane of weakness theory 118–9, 118, 133 Janelid <strong>and</strong> Kvapil concept 454, 455, 456, 458, 461, 462, 483 Jointed rock 5, 5, 77–82, 85, 86, 133–9, 242–70, 536 deformability 136–9 excavation design 5, 17, 197, 198, 228, 230, 242–70 failure modes 229, 243 rock bolting 332–4, 332 roof prism 255, 257, 264, 265, 328, 329 asymmetric triangular 270, 328 symmetric triangular 255, 328 sidewall failure 146, 211, 212 strength 133–6 tetrahedal wedges 261, 262, 328 Joint Pyramid (JP) 244–6, 248, 249, 250, 251 Joints condition 78, 80 cross 226, 229, 241, 242, 265, 356 deformability 260 deformation 257, 258, 303 dilatant 537 disturbances on 264 elastic deformability <strong>and</strong> 191 frictional properties 259, 261, 263 horizontal 160 load-displacement curves 129, 132, 137 master 50 presentation of data for 69–71, 70 relaxation 257, 258, 329 roughness coefficient (JRC) 127, 128, 131, 132 sets 50, 75, 80, 242, 248, 249–52, 267, 368, 465 shaking <strong>and</strong> 533, 536 shear 191 strength of 191 slip 304 spacing 51–3, 80, 251 rating 251 stiffness 257 system 5, 50, 261 traction on 263 wall compressive strength (JCS) 127–9, 131, 132 see also Discontinuities; Fractures Kaiser effect 155, 156 Kalgoorlie, Western Australia 403 Karst features 495 Kelvin equations 574 Key block 243, 251–3, 254, 255 Kidd Mine, Ontario, Canada 506 Kirsch equations 155, 202, 204, 207, 525, 529 Kiruna or Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden 454, 462, 463, 506 Kronecker delta 87 Lambert projection 72 Lame’s equations <strong>and</strong> constant 36 Laminated rock, support in 327, 328 Lang <strong>and</strong> Bischoff analysis 328 620 Lang’s rules 333 Laplace equation 166, 169 Laubscher’s classification 78, 134, 267, 369, 469–70 Lenticular orebody 222, 356, 396 Level drives 6, 487 Limestones 6, 65, 94–6, 102, 103, 104, 105, 113, 114, 139, 227, 391, 486, 495–6 compressive strength 96, 101, 106, 113, 139, 140, 493 oolitic 94, 95, 102, 105 sinkholes 486, 496 Limiting equilibrium analysis 327, 488, 489, 490, 492–5, 502, 504, 505, 580 Linear potentiometer 547 Linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) 101, 547, 551 Linked computational schemes 195, 299 Liquefaction 409, 416, 425, 427, 428 Load axial 88, 120, 121, 156, 546 changes in 544 distribution 18, 180, 181, 183, 227, 231, 379 dynamic 274, 277, 327, 425, 436, 439, 521, 523, 525, 534, 536–7 explosive 536, 537 gravitational 143, 213, 226, 227, 231, 243 impulsive 271, 351, 518, 523, 536 induced pillar 272–3 intensities, nodal 182 internal 188 quasi-static 523, 525, 526 <strong>and</strong> reinforcement 336–7 release 523, 526 shear 130, 133, 331, 335, 536 in testing machine 92, 93, 96, 105, 139, 227, 294, 373 transverse 227, 228, 229 vertical 217, 228–9, 259, 270, 452 Load-convergence characteristics 294 Load-deflection behaviour 227–9 plots 228, 228–9 Load-displacement 372 characteristics 372 curves 372 Load-haul-dump draw 477 Loading-unloading cycle 96, 97, 138 Localisation 4, 96, 227, 299, 373, 398 Lodes 352 Longhole stoping 324, 325, 363, 370, 419, 563 Longitudinal waves 277, 278, 279, 283, 287, 289 Longwall caving mechanics 444–6, 445 Longwall mining 299–301, 302, 363–5, 364, 365, 430–53, 484, 506–17 coal 364–5, 365, 430, 440–53, 442–51, 486, 506–17, 558 geomechanics of 364–5, 440–1 monitoring systems 304, 557 roadway formation <strong>and</strong> support 448–51, 450 <strong>and</strong> subsidence, 506–17 face support 441, 447–8 vertical stress distribution 441–4, 442, 443 geomechanical conditions 365 hard rock 299–301, 302, 343, 363–4, 364, 430–40 methods, classification 430 Longwall stopes 301, 364, 431, 434 Loosening factor 483 Love wave 532–4, 532 Lower-hemisphere projection 72 LVDT see Linear variable differential Mapping 55, 58–61, 166, 172, 173, 215, 216, 266, 267, 571 see also Scanline surveys Margolin’s model 527 Massive deposits 352, 358 Mathews stability chart 266–79, 269, 470, 470 Maxwell’s theorem 35 Measurement while drilling 66 Metamorphic rocks 48, 52, 103 Miami Mine, Arizona, USA 500 Microcracks 4, 156, 531 Microfissuring 87 Microseismic activity 198, 398, 556, 565 Mill tailings 354, 360, 411, 416 Mine design see Excavation districts 47, 371, 434, 441, 444, 486, 487, 563 excavation see Excavation gases 354 haulage 46, 211 layout 11, 12, 165, 375, 384, 392, 398, 400–1 management 9, 11 openings see Openings stability 271, 293, 294, 296, 299, 392 improving see Reinforcement <strong>and</strong> thin tabular excavation 299 sterilisation 370, 485 structural design see Excavation Mine planning systems 69 Mineralogical changes 145 <strong>Mining</strong> engineering 1, 4, 9–11, 68, 143, 217, 265, 368, 518 functional interactions 9–11, 10, 11 programmes 13, 351 excavation types 6–9, 347–9 mechanical processes, summarised 2 sequence 11, 165, 213, 353, 363, 384, 393, 394, 400–3, 402, 427, 559 <strong>Mining</strong> methods 6–8, 347–69, 370, 408, 430 artificially supported 408–29 techniques 408–9 see also Backfill; Reinforcement; Support bench-<strong>and</strong>-fill 69, 362, 363, 426, 427 block caving see Block
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Rock Mechanics
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Rock Mechanics for underground mini
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Contents Preface to the third editi
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CONTENTS 9 Excavation design in blo
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CONTENTS ix Appendix A Basic constr
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PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Mining
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION In th
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION design
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Safety in Mines Re
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Figure 1.1 (a) Pre-mining condition
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ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING ENGINEERI
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ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING ENGINEERI
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Figure 1.4 Principal features of a
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10 Figure 1.5 Definition of activit
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ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING ENGINEERI
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Figure 1.7 Components and logic of
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ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING ENGINEERI
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Figure 2.1 (a) A finite body subjec
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Figure 2.2 Free-body diagram for es
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN As
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN In
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Figure 2.3 Free-body diagram for de
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Figure 2.5 Problem geometry for det
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Figure 2.7 Rigid-body rotation of a
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN the
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN str
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⎡ ⎢ ⎣ xx yy zz xy yz zx STRES
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Figure 2.11 Cylindrical polar coord
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN fre
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Figure 2.13 Construction of a Mohr
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN fun
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3 Rock Figure 3.1 Sidewall failure
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Figure 3.2 Jointing in a folded str
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Figure 3.5 Diagrammatic longitudina
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Figure 3.7 Discontinuity spacing hi
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Figure 3.9 Illustration of persiste
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Figure 3.11 Typical roughness profi
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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Figure 3.17 Sample number vs. preci
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Figure 3.19 Diagrammatic illustrati
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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Figure 3.20 Computerised depiction
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Figure 3.23 Stereographic projectio
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Figure 3.26 Polar stereographic net
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Figure 3.28 Contours of pole concen
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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Figure 3.30 Geological Strength Ind
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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Figure 4.1 Idealised illustration o
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY wit
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Figure 4.4 Influence of end restrai
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY whe
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Figure 4.8 Principle of closed-loop
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Figure 4.12 Two classes of stress-
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Figure 4.14 Point load test apparat
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Figure 4.15 Biaxial compression tes
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Figure 4.18 Results of triaxial com
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY was
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Figure 4.23 Coulomb strength envelo
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Figure 4.25 Extension of a preexist
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Figure 4.29 The three basic modes o
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Figure 4.30 Normalised peak strengt
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY Tab
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Figure 4.32 The normality condition
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Figure 4.33 Variation of peak princ
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Figure 4.35 Direct shear test confi
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Figure 4.37 Shear stress-shear disp
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Figure 4.40 Peak and residual effec
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Figure 4.43 Effect of shearing dire
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Figure 4.45 Relations between norma
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Figure 4.47 Coulomb friction, linea
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY whe
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Figure 4.49 Composite peak strength
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Figure 4.50 Hoek-Brown peak strengt
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Figure 4.52 Determination of the Yo
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY 4 A
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5 Pre-mining Figure 5.1 Method of s
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Figure 5.2 The effect of irregular
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS surround
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS induced
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Figure 5.5 (a) Definition of hole l
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Figure 5.6 (a) Core drilling a slot
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Figure 5.7 Principles of stress mea
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS strength
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS A second
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS by the e
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS extend i
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS (d) Dete
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS quantita
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS It is in
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Figure 6.2 A thick-walled cylinder
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS For the
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Figure 6.3 Problem geometry, coordi
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Figure 6.4 Problem geometry, coordi
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS When the
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Figure 6.5 Superposition scheme dem
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS The disc
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Figure 6.7 Development of a finite
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS Solution
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Figure 6.8 A simple finite element
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Figure 6.9 A schematic representati
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS block ce
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS where ˚
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS The prin
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN MASSIVE ELASTI
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Figure 7.2 A logical framework for
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Figure 7.3 (a) Axisymmetric stress
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Figure 7.6 A plane of weakness, ori
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Figure 7.8 A flat-lying plane of we
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Figure 7.10 Shear stress/normal str
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Figure 7.12 Ovaloidal opening in a
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Figure 7.15 States of stress at sel
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Figure 7.16 Prediction of the exten
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Figure 7.18 Contour plots of princi
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Figure 7.19 Problem geometry for de
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN MASSIVE ELASTI
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN MASSIVE ELASTI
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8 Excavation Figure 8.1 An excavati
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN STRATIFIED ROC
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Figure 8.4 Experimental apparatus f
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Figure 8.7 Free body diagrams and n
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Figure 8.8 Assumed distributions of
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Figure 8.9 Flow chart for the deter
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Figure 8.10 Normalised arch thickne
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN STRATIFIED ROC
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Figure 8.11 Normalised deflection a
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9 Excavation Figure 9.1 Generation
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Figure 9.3 (a) A finite, non-tapere
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(a) (b) Figure 9.4 (a) Vertical cro
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(a) (b) (c) EP EP Reference circle
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Figure 9.10 JP 100 is the only JP w
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Figure 9.12 Traces of the views of
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN BLOCKY ROCK In
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Figure 9.14 Free-body diagrams of a
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN BLOCKY ROCK di
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Figure 9.16 Symmetrical wedge in th
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Figure 9.17 (a) Geometry for determ
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Figure 9.18 Problem geometry demons
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Figure 9.20 Cut-and-fill stope mine
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Figure 9.22 Chart to determine fact
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN BLOCKY ROCK Th
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Figure 10.1 (a) Pre-mining state of
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Figure 10.3 (a) Dynamic loading of
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Figure 10.5 (a) Pre-mining and (b)
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Figure 10.6 Problem definition and
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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Figure 10.9 Force and stress compon
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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Figure 10.12 Distribution of radial
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Figure 10.15 Problem geometry for d
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Figure 10.17 (a) Schematic represen
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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Figure 10.20 Elastic/post-peak stif
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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Figure 10.24 Relation between frequ
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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Figure 10.28 Six possible ways that
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Figure 10.29 First motions for P an
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11Rock support and reinforcement 11
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Figure 11.1 (a) Hypothetical exampl
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Figure 11.4 Non-linear support reac
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Figure 11.5 Idealised elastic-britt
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Figure 11.6 Calculated required sup
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ROCK SUPPORT AND REINFORCEMENT The
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Figure 11.9 Ground reaction curves
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Figure 11.12 Use of grouted reinfor
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ROCK SUPPORT AND REINFORCEMENT If,
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Figure 11.16 Local reinforcement ac
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Figure 11.18 Typical working sketch
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Figure 11.19 Permanent support and
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Figure 11.22 Basis of natural coord
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Figure 11.24 Distributions of (a) s
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Figure 11.26 Resin grouted rockbolt
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Figure 11.28 Alternative methods of
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ROCK SUPPORT AND REINFORCEMENT Tabl
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Figure 11.31 Toussaint-Heintzmann y
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MINING METHODS AND METHOD SELECTION
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Figure 12.2 Elements of a supported
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MINING METHODS AND METHOD SELECTION
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MINING METHODS AND METHOD SELECTION
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MINING METHODS AND METHOD SELECTION
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Figure 12.6 Schematic layout for bi
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Figure 12.8 Layout for shrink stopi
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Figure 12.9 Schematic layout for VC
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Figure 12.11 Key elements of longwa
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Figure 12.13 Mining layout for tran
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MINING METHODS AND METHOD SELECTION
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13 Figure 13.1 Schematic illustrati
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Figure 13.3 Layout of barrier pilla
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Figure 13.5 Principal modes of defo
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Figure 13.8 Geometry for tributary
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS str
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Figure 13.10 Distribution of vertic
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Figure 13.12 Pillar behaviour domai
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS Lun
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Figure 13.15 Options in the design
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Figure 13.17 Relation between yield
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Figure 13.19 Model of yield of coun
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Figure 13.20 North-south vertical c
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Figure 13.23 Stope-and-pillar layou
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Figure 13.25 Calibrated stability c
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS wor
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Figure 13.28 Pillar performance, de
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Figure 13.29 (a) Stope and pillar l
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Figure 13.31 (a) Plane strain analy
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS Pan
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14 Artificially supported mining me
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ARTIFICIALLY SUPPORTED MINING METHO
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ARTIFICIALLY SUPPORTED MINING METHO
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Figure 14.2 Simplified view of stru
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ARTIFICIALLY SUPPORTED MINING METHO
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Figure 14.5 Confined block model fo
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Figure 14.7 Crown and sidewall stre
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ARTIFICIALLY SUPPORTED MINING METHO
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ARTIFICIALLY SUPPORTED MINING METHO
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Figure 14.10 Sublevel open stoping
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Figure 14.12 Some applications of c
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15 Longwall and caving mining metho
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Figure 15.2 Shear stress drop in th
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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Figure 15.6 Hydraulic prop reaction
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Figure 15.7 Development and extract
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Figure 15.8 Vertical stress redistr
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Figure 15.11 Distribution of observ
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Figure 15.13 Plan view of microseis
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Figure 15.16 Ground-support interac
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Figure 15.18 Roadway support and re
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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Figure 15.25 Comparison of isolated
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Figure 15.26 Geometry of a sublevel
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Figure 15.28 Theoretical determinat
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Figure 15.31 Deterioration of a cro
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Figure 15.32 Distinct element simul
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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Figure 15.34 Extended Mathews stabi
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Figure 15.36 Comparison of postand
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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Figure 15.39 Idealised plan illustr
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Figure 15.41 Idealised vertical sec
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Figure 15.42 Vertical slice through
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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16 Figure 16.1 Trough subsidence ov
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE c
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Figure 16.4 North-south section, At
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Figure 16.6 (a) Rectangular block g
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE f
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Figure 16.8 Relation between stope
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE M
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE
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Figure 16.14 Chart developed to est
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Figure 16.16 Progressive hangingwal
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Figure 16.19 Idealised model used i
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Figure 16.21 Longitudinal section,
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE t
- Page 527 and 528:
MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE w
- Page 529 and 530:
MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE F
- Page 531 and 532:
Figure 16.25 Subsidence troughs pre
- Page 533 and 534:
Figure 16.28 Predicted and measured
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17 Blasting mechanics 17.1 Blasting
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Figure 17.1 An empirical matching o
- Page 539 and 540:
Figure 17.2 A finite difference mod
- Page 541 and 542:
Figure 17.4 Reflection of a cylindr
- Page 543 and 544:
BLASTING MECHANICS means that no ci
- Page 545 and 546:
Figure 17.8 Layout of blast holes i
- Page 547 and 548:
Figure 17.9 Influence of field stat
- Page 549 and 550:
Figure 17.11 Generation of surface
- Page 551 and 552:
BLASTING MECHANICS The components o
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BLASTING MECHANICS amplitudes of th
- Page 555 and 556:
BLASTING MECHANICS 17.9 Evaluation
- Page 557 and 558:
Figure 17.15 (a) Schematic cross se
- Page 559 and 560:
BLASTING MECHANICS in Figure 17.17,
- Page 561 and 562:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE (a
- Page 563 and 564:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE su
- Page 565 and 566:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE Ta
- Page 567 and 568:
Figure 18.2 The Distometer ISETH, a
- Page 569 and 570:
Figure 18.5 Self-inductance multipl
- Page 571 and 572:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE is
- Page 573 and 574:
Figure 18.9 Biaxial vibrating wire
- Page 575 and 576:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE me
- Page 577 and 578:
Figure 18.12 Cross section at 6650N
- Page 579 and 580:
Figure 18.13 Examples of convergenc
- Page 581 and 582:
Figure 18.15 Longitudinal section l
- Page 583 and 584:
Figure 18.16 (Cont.) MONITORING ROC
- Page 585 and 586: Appendix A Basic constructions usin
- Page 587 and 588: Figure A.3 Determining the angle be
- Page 589 and 590: APPENDIX A USE OF HEMISPHERICAL PRO
- Page 591 and 592: APPENDIX B STRESSES AND DISPLACEMEN
- Page 593 and 594: Figure A.6 Axisymmetric tunnel prob
- Page 595 and 596: Figure A.9 Bolt load-extension curv
- Page 597 and 598: APPENDIX D LIMITING EQUILIBRIUM ANA
- Page 599 and 600: APPENDIX D LIMITING EQUILIBRIUM ANA
- Page 601 and 602: APPENDIX D LIMITING EQUILIBRIUM ANA
- Page 603 and 604: ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 2 (a) 0.087 - 0
- Page 605 and 606: ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 3 wp = 38.6 m,
- Page 607 and 608: REFERENCES Symp. & 17th Tunn. Assn
- Page 609 and 610: REFERENCES Brady, B. H. G. and Bray
- Page 611 and 612: REFERENCES Collier, P. A. (1993) De
- Page 613 and 614: REFERENCES Drescher, A. and Vardoul
- Page 615 and 616: REFERENCES Gustafsson, P. (1998) Wa
- Page 617 and 618: REFERENCES Hood, M. and Brown, E. T
- Page 619 and 620: REFERENCES Kaiser, P. K. and Tannan
- Page 621 and 622: REFERENCES Lorig, L. J. and Brady,
- Page 623 and 624: REFERENCES Ortlepp, W. D. (1994) Gr
- Page 625 and 626: REFERENCES Rojas, E., Molina, R. an
- Page 627 and 628: REFERENCES Spottiswoode, S. M. and
- Page 629 and 630: REFERENCES Villaescusa, E., Windsor
- Page 631 and 632: Index Page numbers appearing in bol
- Page 633 and 634: INDEX Coulomb (cont.) parameters 96
- Page 635: INDEX Excavation (cont.) support ra
- Page 639 and 640: INDEX Panel caving 470-2, 473, 474,
- Page 641 and 642: INDEX Seismic (cont.) moment 306, 3
- Page 643 and 644: INDEX Strength (cont.) residual 86,
- Page 645: INDEX United States (USA) 395, 396,