Rock Mechanics.pdf - Mining and Blasting

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INDEX Stability 5, 9, 13, 92, 107, 109, 110, 243, 271, 293–9 criterion 295, 296, 397 excavation boundary 265 jointed rock 5, 78, 81, 85, 229, 242, 263–5, 409, 421, 423 index 297, 298, 299 mine 271, 293, 294, 296, 299, 392 roof bed 84, 241, 261 Stage testing 121 Stand up times 77, 80 Starfield and Pugliese procedure 522 Static equilibrium 25, 26, 28, 29, 34, 38,, 41, 104, 158, 256–8, 274, 375, 377 criterion 158 equations 21, 38, 169, 175, 235, 282 Steel arches 313, 346 cables 337 sets 313–5, 317, 320, 338, 346, 478, 544, 577 blocking 313, 320, 577 supports 346 Stereographic projections 71–6, 72, 73, 77, 83, 245, 246, 247, 250, 568–74 lower hemisphere 72, 157, 245, 246 see also Hemispherical projection Stereonets 72–4, 156, 158, 571 Sterling’s tests 227–9 Sticks 434 Stiffness 35, 49, 137, 257, 294–7, 298, 302, 315–7, 320–1, 335–6, 406, 434, 553–4, 564, 577–9 axial 335 effective 295 elastic/post-peak ratio 37 global matrix 188, 189, 295, 296 machine 92, 93 matrix 188, 189, 196, 295, 296 mine local 296, 297 normal 120, 129–31, 133, 191, 328 pillar 296, 297, 406, 407 shear 133, 137, 141, 191, 257, 328, 330 tendon 335 unloading 335 Stope access 197, 342, 347, 348, 398, 426 convergence 300–1, 402, 435–6, 447–8, 510–1 crown 265, 358, 361, 420, 421, 422, 559 fractures 420–2, 421 reinforcement 422 stress 175, 178, 420, 421 cut-and-fill see Cut-and-fill defined 347 design 13, 16, 58, 266, 348, 429, 470 development 69, 70, 347, 348, 360, 373, 398 see also Service openings drawpoints 13, 518 extraction sequence 9, 165, 301, 396, 397, 400–2, 403, 405, 417, 426, 429 filling 6, 417, 423 625 footwall 60, 203, 300, 363, 390, 391, 427, 436, 453, 506, 558–60, 563–5 hangingwall, failure 50 height/width ratio 420, 421 incremental extension 300 longwall 301, 364, 431, 434 ore recovery from 6, 13, 53, 65, 67, 357, 367, 459, 479 performance data 16 potential hazards 559 pre-production development 352, 356, 360, 361 reinforcement 427, 428, 436, 439, 440 shape 16, 265 sidewall, stress 175, 211, 420 span 267, 297, 300, 359, 384–6, 388, 392, 404, 406, 423, 436, 494 strain analysis 40, 404, 419 walls 266–70, 353, 354, 356–7, 361, 364, 401, 408, 420, 423–6, 428–9 Stope-and-pillar mining 13, 296, 371, 377, 384, 386, 394–7, 400–3, 405, 427 design/layout 296, 384, 386, 394–7, 400–3, 405, 427 irregular orebodies 396, 405 Mount Charlotte 403–5, 404 stress analysis 384, 396, 398, 432, 444 layouts 296, 384, 394, 396, 397, 401, 402 sequence 400–3, 402 Stoping bench-and-fill see Bench-and-fill breast 558 cut-and-fill see Cut-and-fill and drillability 353 geometry 362, 386, 387, 389, 408 layout 297, 348, 462 one-pass 12 open see Open stoping operations 348, 353, 361, 409, 416 backfill design 409, 416–8 transport facilities 353 overhand 419, 422 primary phase 424–5 rock mass response 17, 165, 166, 224–6, 349, 352, 355, 396, 399, 403, 405, 543 sequence 400–3, 402 shrink 365, 360–2, 423 and stress distribution 199–221, 267, 271, 277, 397–8, 401, 419–21, 420, 442–4 sublevel open 356, 357, 426 underhand 419, 421 vertical crater retreat (VCR) 361, 362 Strain analysis 40, 404, 419 axial 34, 88, 89, 92, 94, 95, 102–4, 103, 237 borehole wall 150–1 burst 431 cells 148, 149, 151, 153, 163, 554 compatibility equation 34, 37, 39, 40, 45, 167, 168, 173, 238 components 28, 31, 33–5, 39, 40, 45, 94, 150, 168, 171, 175, 184, 186, 281, 288, 522 spherical opening 285–9 defined 31 deviator 33 dynamic 425, 536 energy changes 272 and mining method 272 static 275, 276, 286, 300 gauges 101, 150, 151, 156, 227, 451, 546, 548, 551, 554, 555 geomechanics convention 17, 39, 41, 42, 43, 282 horizontal surface 249 increment 116, 194 localisation 96 matrix 32, 33, 38 normal 31, 33, 39, 40, 150, 156, 171, 281, 544 components 31, 33, 39, 150, 171 displacements components 30, 31, 32, 38–40, 110, 175, 183, 261 measurements 15, 554 plane 44, 110, 166–9, 171, 198, 230, 231, 233, 314, 315, 404, 405, 419, 512 plastic 115, 116 principal 33 radial 88, 95 shear 31, 33, 39, 45, 281, 373 tensile, horizontal 515 transformation 33 transient 281, 522 vector 34, 186 volumetric 33, 36, 39, 89, 96, 102, 103, 145, 284 Strain-displacement relation 40, 186, 281–2 Strain hardening 86, 115, 117 Strain-softening 86, 92, 94, 127, 193, 195, 294 Strata control 313, 440, 441 Stratiform deposits see Orebodies Strength anisotropic material 117–9, 118 compressive 78, 81, 87–92, 96, 97, 99–101, 106, 111, 113, 127, 129, 131, 135, 139, 140, 198, 214, 221, 234, 240, 267, 332, 383, 384, 395, 398, 408, 412, 413, 415, 421 measuring 157, 416 test procedure 3, 88, 92 uniaxial 214, 215, 336 criteria 81, 87, 105, 107, 111, 113, 117, 132, 134–7, 140, 141, 197, 198, 221, 322, 323, 381, 386, 463, 489, 490, 493, 513 peak 105, 107, 135, 136, 140 residual 105 index 68, 81, 82, 98, 322 peak 86, 87, 89, 91–4, 96, 97, 100, 102–5, 107, 109, 112, 113, 117, 118–22, 125, 129, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 317, 373, 398, 417, 426 envelope 100, 105, 107, 109, 112, 113, 121, 129, 135, 136, 139 pillar 373, 378–85, 392, 394–5
INDEX Strength (cont.) residual 86, 103, 105, 107, 122, 130 rock mass 80, 81, 87, 133–6, 137, 197–9, 212, 215–6, 322, 383, 489–95 shear 15, 47–9, 53, 54, 57, 81, 96, 105–7, 118–22, 124–32, 124–6, 134–6, 136, 303–4, 432, 489–90, 492, 581 and discontinuity persistence 54 envelope 121, 122, 124, 125, 135 tensile 5, 51, 107, 108, 130, 132, 135, 153, 198, 199, 204, 213, 214, 221, 222, 224, 242, 280, 339 triaxial 111, 215 see also Failure Stress analysis 40, 110, 165–7, 178, 179, 201, 204, 212, 225, 267, 283, 384, 396, 398, 432, 442, 444 boundary element method 179, 181, 183, 185, 195, 290, 295, 297, 301, 397, 431, 432, 513 differential method 179, 195 distinct element method 85, 130, 189–92, 322, 495, 513 finite element method 179, 183, 184, 187–9, 513 linked computational schemes 195, 299 photoelastic method 166 principles of classical 166 roof design 230, 235 tributary area method 15, 375–8, 381, 384, 385, 389, 390, 437–9, 452 axial 88–92, 94, 95, 96, 101–4, 139–41, 156, 274, 376–8, 386, 394 biaxial 26, 41, 99, 154, 170, 173, 174, 176, 180, 210, 214, 216, 276, 529, 555, 556 boundary 148–55, 175–8, 199–203, 209–15, 217, 289, 420, 525, 529–30 circular hole 148, 154, 163, 172, 173, 201, 207, 337 cut-and-fill stoping 265, 357–61, 409, 419, 421, 423 determining 45, 130, 143, 147–9, 151–3, 155, 157, 213 effect of curvature 178, 209–13, 420 excavation of irregular cross-section 212 sidewall 175, 211, 428 transmission 265 caving 467, 478 circumferential 148, 153, 209, 289, 290, 529 components 17–19, 21–9, 35–40, 42, 110–1, 142–6, 148–56, 158, 166–77, 181, 183, 204–8, 261, 282, 522, 529 equations 18, 19, 21, 22, 38 compressive 85, 108, 111, 126, 175, 225, 232, 240, 243, 267, 280, 321, 351, 397, 444, 524, 531 confining 4, 206, 221, 351, 382, 413, 423 definition 173 depth 143, 144, 155, 159, 162, 221, 391 deviator 25, 177, 215, 398 626 distribution, 25–6, 90, 100, 110, 160, 166–78, 176, 199–221, 202, 214, 218–9, 257, 262, 267, 271, 289, 290, 397–8, 401, 438, 443–4, 521, 525 circular excavation 173, 174, 175, 206–8, 214, 215, 260, 317, 337, 338 contiguous openings 202 in cut-and-fill stoping 357–61, 409, 419, 421, 423 elastic 152, 204, 205, 208, 214, 217, 218, 223, 255, 262, 419 elliptical excavation 176, 178, 203, 209, 212 and erosion 144–6 and mineralogical changes 145 in stress analysis 166–73, 209–13 drop 304, 311, 432 dynamic 276, 277, 279, 285, 287, 289 effective 5, 57, 104, 105, 121, 129, 135, 146, 158, 409, 489, 504 law 5, 104, 105, 129, 409, 489 elastic 113, 152, 204, 205, 207, 208, 214, 217, 218, 223, 225, 226, 257, 261, 262, 328, 329, 383, 398, 419, 463, 481 equilibrium, state of 293, 303 field 16, 111, 142, 146, 147–9, 150–60, 163, 167, 173, 175–8, 199, 201, 202, 204, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 218, 220, 221, 285, 288, 291, 367, 378, 384, 392, 420, 421, 423, 525, 530, 531, 575 heterogeneous 147 hydrostatic 175, 176, 201, 202, 207, 211, 218, 219, 285, 287, 289, 290, 314, 317, 319, 322, 323, 337 tensile 4, 524 in fractured rock 146, 160, 200, 213, 217–9, 221, 318, 320, 345, 420, 436, 439, 451, 537 frozen, method 166 geomechanics convention 17, 39, 41, 42, 43, 282 gradients 26, 92, 100, 146, 408 induced 2, 142, 153, 173, 184, 186, 267, 275, 276, 397, 450, 464, 465, 469, 475, 478, 506, 554, 559, 561 in situ 147, 148, 152, 156–9, 203, 313, 386, 430, 434, 441–4, 452, 454, 463–5, 474, 475, 481, 489, 493, 497, 511, 513, 530, 546, 558 determining 147–56 factors influencing 143–7 measurements 156, 158, 159 presentation of data 156–9, 157 invariant 23, 24, 28, 40, 44, 157, 166 limiting 106 longitudinal 233, 241, 279, 280 matrix 19, 20, 23–5, 44 deviator 25 spherical 25 measurements 15, 147, 148, 151, 153, 154–6, 158–60, 553, 559, 560 large opening 151–2 remote 547 multiaxial 99, 275 normal 17, 18, 23, 25, 39, 40, 42 measuring 553 overburden 146, 441–3 path 104, 105, 143, 198, 215, 398, 449, 452 peak 85, 90, 100, 109, 441, 482 polyaxial 99 post-excavation 147, 225 pre-mining 143, 201, 202, 209, 212, 221, 272, 376, 385, 401, 405, 440 principal 20, 23–5, 28–9 determining 23–5, 28, 142 deviator 25 difference 118, 119, 133, 166, 444 plots 157, 157, 166, 216, 216 radial 220, 286, 315, 318, 552 ratio 145, 160, 208, 211, 212, 267, 289, 383, 421 residual 145, 351 shear 17, 18, 23, 28, 38–42, 45 and discontinuity slip 271 in folding 48, 48 -shear displacement curves 122, 123, 126, 132 static 25, 175, 176, 201, 202, 207, 210, 211, 218, 219, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 285, 287, 289, 290, 299, 314, 319, 322, 323, 337, 525 and surface topography 143, 144, 161, 354, 500 tangential 154, 338, 465, 467, 468 tectonic 146 tensile 4, 5, 85, 90, 107, 108, 110, 153, 205, 213, 225, 242, 277, 280, 281, 397, 524, 526, 529, 546 and caving 85 in cut-and-fill stoping 420 and energy changes 271, 275, 286, 289, 290 and longitudinal waves 283 normal 17 pre-splitting 528–31 tensor 117, 142, 147, 148, 151, 156, 157, 159, 160, 554, 555 total, expression for 87, 105, 130, 174, 183, 184, 186, 187, 242, 285, 288 transformation 19, 20, 22, 27, 28, 45, 106, 149 equations 20, 22, 27, 28, 45, 106, 149 transient 271, 275, 521–3, 528, 529, 536 triaxial 99, 155, 163, 275 vector 18 vertical 143, 145, 159, 162, 217, 221, 328, 380, 383, 437, 441, 442, 443, 451, 464, 482, 483, 561 waves 276, 283, 286, 287, 289, 290, 425, 521, 523, 529–31 yield 87, 276 Stressmeters 546, 554–6, 555, 556, 561 vibrating wire 554–6, 555, 556 Stress–strain
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Rock Mechanics
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Rock Mechanics for underground mini
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Contents Preface to the third editi
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CONTENTS 9 Excavation design in blo
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CONTENTS ix Appendix A Basic constr
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PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Mining
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION In th
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION design
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Safety in Mines Re
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Figure 1.1 (a) Pre-mining condition
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ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING ENGINEERI
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Figure 1.4 Principal features of a
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10 Figure 1.5 Definition of activit
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Figure 1.7 Components and logic of
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Figure 2.1 (a) A finite body subjec
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Figure 2.2 Free-body diagram for es
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN As
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN In
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Figure 2.3 Free-body diagram for de
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Figure 2.5 Problem geometry for det
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Figure 2.7 Rigid-body rotation of a
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN the
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN str
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⎡ ⎢ ⎣ xx yy zz xy yz zx STRES
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Figure 2.11 Cylindrical polar coord
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN fre
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Figure 2.13 Construction of a Mohr
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STRESS AND INFINITESIMAL STRAIN fun
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3 Rock Figure 3.1 Sidewall failure
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Figure 3.2 Jointing in a folded str
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Figure 3.5 Diagrammatic longitudina
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Figure 3.7 Discontinuity spacing hi
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Figure 3.9 Illustration of persiste
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Figure 3.11 Typical roughness profi
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ROCK MASS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIS
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Figure 3.17 Sample number vs. preci
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Figure 3.19 Diagrammatic illustrati
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Figure 3.20 Computerised depiction
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Figure 3.23 Stereographic projectio
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Figure 3.26 Polar stereographic net
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Figure 3.28 Contours of pole concen
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Figure 3.30 Geological Strength Ind
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Figure 4.1 Idealised illustration o
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY wit
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Figure 4.4 Influence of end restrai
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY whe
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Figure 4.8 Principle of closed-loop
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Figure 4.12 Two classes of stress-
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Figure 4.14 Point load test apparat
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Figure 4.15 Biaxial compression tes
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Figure 4.18 Results of triaxial com
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY was
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Figure 4.23 Coulomb strength envelo
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Figure 4.25 Extension of a preexist
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Figure 4.29 The three basic modes o
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Figure 4.30 Normalised peak strengt
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY Tab
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Figure 4.32 The normality condition
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Figure 4.33 Variation of peak princ
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Figure 4.35 Direct shear test confi
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Figure 4.37 Shear stress-shear disp
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Figure 4.40 Peak and residual effec
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Figure 4.43 Effect of shearing dire
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Figure 4.45 Relations between norma
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Figure 4.47 Coulomb friction, linea
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY whe
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Figure 4.49 Composite peak strength
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Figure 4.50 Hoek-Brown peak strengt
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Figure 4.52 Determination of the Yo
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ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY 4 A
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5 Pre-mining Figure 5.1 Method of s
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Figure 5.2 The effect of irregular
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS surround
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS induced
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Figure 5.5 (a) Definition of hole l
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Figure 5.6 (a) Core drilling a slot
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Figure 5.7 Principles of stress mea
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS strength
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS A second
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS by the e
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS extend i
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PRE-MINING STATE OF STRESS (d) Dete
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS quantita
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS It is in
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Figure 6.2 A thick-walled cylinder
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS For the
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Figure 6.3 Problem geometry, coordi
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Figure 6.4 Problem geometry, coordi
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS When the
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Figure 6.5 Superposition scheme dem
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS The disc
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Figure 6.7 Development of a finite
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS Solution
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Figure 6.8 A simple finite element
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Figure 6.9 A schematic representati
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS block ce
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS where ˚
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METHODS OF STRESS ANALYSIS The prin
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN MASSIVE ELASTI
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Figure 7.2 A logical framework for
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Figure 7.3 (a) Axisymmetric stress
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Figure 7.6 A plane of weakness, ori
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Figure 7.8 A flat-lying plane of we
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Figure 7.10 Shear stress/normal str
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Figure 7.12 Ovaloidal opening in a
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Figure 7.15 States of stress at sel
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Figure 7.16 Prediction of the exten
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Figure 7.18 Contour plots of princi
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Figure 7.19 Problem geometry for de
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8 Excavation Figure 8.1 An excavati
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN STRATIFIED ROC
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Figure 8.4 Experimental apparatus f
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Figure 8.7 Free body diagrams and n
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Figure 8.8 Assumed distributions of
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Figure 8.9 Flow chart for the deter
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Figure 8.10 Normalised arch thickne
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN STRATIFIED ROC
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Figure 8.11 Normalised deflection a
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9 Excavation Figure 9.1 Generation
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Figure 9.3 (a) A finite, non-tapere
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(a) (b) Figure 9.4 (a) Vertical cro
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(a) (b) (c) EP EP Reference circle
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Figure 9.10 JP 100 is the only JP w
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Figure 9.12 Traces of the views of
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN BLOCKY ROCK In
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Figure 9.14 Free-body diagrams of a
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN BLOCKY ROCK di
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Figure 9.16 Symmetrical wedge in th
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Figure 9.17 (a) Geometry for determ
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Figure 9.18 Problem geometry demons
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Figure 9.20 Cut-and-fill stope mine
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Figure 9.22 Chart to determine fact
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EXCAVATION DESIGN IN BLOCKY ROCK Th
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Figure 10.1 (a) Pre-mining state of
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Figure 10.3 (a) Dynamic loading of
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Figure 10.5 (a) Pre-mining and (b)
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Figure 10.6 Problem definition and
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ENERGY, MINE STABILITY, MINE SEISMI
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Figure 10.9 Force and stress compon
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Figure 10.12 Distribution of radial
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Figure 10.15 Problem geometry for d
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Figure 10.17 (a) Schematic represen
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Figure 10.20 Elastic/post-peak stif
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Figure 10.24 Relation between frequ
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Figure 10.28 Six possible ways that
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Figure 10.29 First motions for P an
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11Rock support and reinforcement 11
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Figure 11.1 (a) Hypothetical exampl
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Figure 11.4 Non-linear support reac
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Figure 11.5 Idealised elastic-britt
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Figure 11.6 Calculated required sup
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ROCK SUPPORT AND REINFORCEMENT The
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Figure 11.9 Ground reaction curves
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Figure 11.12 Use of grouted reinfor
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ROCK SUPPORT AND REINFORCEMENT If,
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Figure 11.16 Local reinforcement ac
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Figure 11.18 Typical working sketch
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Figure 11.19 Permanent support and
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Figure 11.22 Basis of natural coord
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Figure 11.24 Distributions of (a) s
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Figure 11.26 Resin grouted rockbolt
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Figure 11.28 Alternative methods of
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ROCK SUPPORT AND REINFORCEMENT Tabl
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Figure 11.31 Toussaint-Heintzmann y
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MINING METHODS AND METHOD SELECTION
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Figure 12.2 Elements of a supported
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Figure 12.6 Schematic layout for bi
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Figure 12.8 Layout for shrink stopi
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Figure 12.9 Schematic layout for VC
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Figure 12.11 Key elements of longwa
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Figure 12.13 Mining layout for tran
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13 Figure 13.1 Schematic illustrati
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Figure 13.3 Layout of barrier pilla
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Figure 13.5 Principal modes of defo
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Figure 13.8 Geometry for tributary
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS str
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Figure 13.10 Distribution of vertic
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Figure 13.12 Pillar behaviour domai
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS Lun
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Figure 13.15 Options in the design
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Figure 13.17 Relation between yield
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Figure 13.19 Model of yield of coun
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Figure 13.20 North-south vertical c
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Figure 13.23 Stope-and-pillar layou
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Figure 13.25 Calibrated stability c
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS wor
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Figure 13.28 Pillar performance, de
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Figure 13.29 (a) Stope and pillar l
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Figure 13.31 (a) Plane strain analy
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PILLAR SUPPORTED MINING METHODS Pan
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14 Artificially supported mining me
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ARTIFICIALLY SUPPORTED MINING METHO
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Figure 14.2 Simplified view of stru
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Figure 14.5 Confined block model fo
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Figure 14.7 Crown and sidewall stre
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Figure 14.10 Sublevel open stoping
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Figure 14.12 Some applications of c
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15 Longwall and caving mining metho
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Figure 15.2 Shear stress drop in th
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LONGWALL AND CAVING MINING METHODS
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Figure 15.6 Hydraulic prop reaction
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Figure 15.7 Development and extract
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Figure 15.8 Vertical stress redistr
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Figure 15.11 Distribution of observ
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Figure 15.13 Plan view of microseis
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Figure 15.16 Ground-support interac
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Figure 15.18 Roadway support and re
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Figure 15.25 Comparison of isolated
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Figure 15.26 Geometry of a sublevel
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Figure 15.28 Theoretical determinat
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Figure 15.31 Deterioration of a cro
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Figure 15.32 Distinct element simul
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Figure 15.34 Extended Mathews stabi
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Figure 15.36 Comparison of postand
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Figure 15.39 Idealised plan illustr
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Figure 15.41 Idealised vertical sec
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Figure 15.42 Vertical slice through
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16 Figure 16.1 Trough subsidence ov
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE c
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Figure 16.4 North-south section, At
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Figure 16.6 (a) Rectangular block g
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE f
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Figure 16.8 Relation between stope
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE M
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE
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Figure 16.14 Chart developed to est
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Figure 16.16 Progressive hangingwal
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Figure 16.19 Idealised model used i
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Figure 16.21 Longitudinal section,
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE t
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE w
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MINING-INDUCED SURFACE SUBSIDENCE F
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Figure 16.25 Subsidence troughs pre
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Figure 16.28 Predicted and measured
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17 Blasting mechanics 17.1 Blasting
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Figure 17.1 An empirical matching o
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Figure 17.2 A finite difference mod
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Figure 17.4 Reflection of a cylindr
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BLASTING MECHANICS means that no ci
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Figure 17.8 Layout of blast holes i
Page 547 and 548:
Figure 17.9 Influence of field stat
Page 549 and 550:
Figure 17.11 Generation of surface
Page 551 and 552:
BLASTING MECHANICS The components o
Page 553 and 554:
BLASTING MECHANICS amplitudes of th
Page 555 and 556:
BLASTING MECHANICS 17.9 Evaluation
Page 557 and 558:
Figure 17.15 (a) Schematic cross se
Page 559 and 560:
BLASTING MECHANICS in Figure 17.17,
Page 561 and 562:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE (a
Page 563 and 564:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE su
Page 565 and 566:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE Ta
Page 567 and 568:
Figure 18.2 The Distometer ISETH, a
Page 569 and 570:
Figure 18.5 Self-inductance multipl
Page 571 and 572:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE is
Page 573 and 574:
Figure 18.9 Biaxial vibrating wire
Page 575 and 576:
MONITORING ROCK MASS PERFORMANCE me
Page 577 and 578:
Figure 18.12 Cross section at 6650N
Page 579 and 580:
Figure 18.13 Examples of convergenc
Page 581 and 582:
Figure 18.15 Longitudinal section l
Page 583 and 584:
Figure 18.16 (Cont.) MONITORING ROC
Page 585 and 586:
Appendix A Basic constructions usin
Page 587 and 588:
Figure A.3 Determining the angle be
Page 589 and 590:
APPENDIX A USE OF HEMISPHERICAL PRO
Page 591 and 592: APPENDIX B STRESSES AND DISPLACEMEN
Page 593 and 594: Figure A.6 Axisymmetric tunnel prob
Page 595 and 596: Figure A.9 Bolt load-extension curv
Page 597 and 598: APPENDIX D LIMITING EQUILIBRIUM ANA
Page 603 and 604: ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 2 (a) 0.087 - 0
Page 605 and 606: ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 3 wp = 38.6 m,
Page 607 and 608: REFERENCES Symp. & 17th Tunn. Assn
Page 609 and 610: REFERENCES Brady, B. H. G. and Bray
Page 611 and 612: REFERENCES Collier, P. A. (1993) De
Page 613 and 614: REFERENCES Drescher, A. and Vardoul
Page 615 and 616: REFERENCES Gustafsson, P. (1998) Wa
Page 617 and 618: REFERENCES Hood, M. and Brown, E. T
Page 619 and 620: REFERENCES Kaiser, P. K. and Tannan
Page 621 and 622: REFERENCES Lorig, L. J. and Brady,
Page 623 and 624: REFERENCES Ortlepp, W. D. (1994) Gr
Page 625 and 626: REFERENCES Rojas, E., Molina, R. an
Page 627 and 628: REFERENCES Spottiswoode, S. M. and
Page 629 and 630: REFERENCES Villaescusa, E., Windsor
Page 631 and 632: Index Page numbers appearing in bol
Page 633 and 634: INDEX Coulomb (cont.) parameters 96
Page 635 and 636: INDEX Excavation (cont.) support ra
Page 637 and 638: INDEX Jaeger’s plane of weakness
Page 639 and 640: INDEX Panel caving 470-2, 473, 474,
Page 641: INDEX Seismic (cont.) moment 306, 3
Page 645: INDEX United States (USA) 395, 396,
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