pdf, 57.71Mb - Entomological Society of Canada

More documents

Recommendations

Info

142 D. P. Pcschken Lema cyanella (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae contained Nosema spores and 1.3% were parasitized by an as yet unidentified hymenopterous parasite. In Saskatchewan and Alberta, the mortality was higher: 35% of a total of 402 larvae collected in the spring of 1975, 1976, and 1977 was dead. Comparing only those thistles that emerged during the oviposition period of the fly, shoots with galls on the main shoot were 57% shorter, and those with sideshoot galls were 10% shorter than ungalled shoots in Quebec when growing on an uncultivated site with competing vegetation. However, in Saskatchewan even an average of 13 galls per shoot did not reduce the height, dry weight, number of seed heads or the dry weight of new shoots produced by thistles growing in the absence of competition on heavy fertile soil with sufficient moisture (Peschken et al. 1982). (a) Ecology This leaf-feeder is widely distributed in Europe and A!>ia between latitudes 35°N and 65°N and occurs about three-quarters of the range of C. arvense (Peschken & Johnson 1979). It is rare in Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland and is more frequent in western Europe (Zwolfer & Pattullo 1970, Winiarska 1973). Collection records indicate that moist habitats are preferred (Winiarska 1973, ZwOlfer & Pattullo 1970, Lopatin 1960, Peschken unpublished). The adult beetles hibernate and in Europe they appear on the thistle rosettes at about the end of April. They oviposit in May and the new generation of adults can be observed from the end of June until August. There is one generation per year. (b) Host specificity The only confirmed breeding host in Europe is C. arvense (Zwolfer & Pattulo 1970, Peschken & Johnson 1979). In the screening tests for host specificity, it did not feed on any cultivated plants but on several Cirsium spp. native to North America (Peschken & Johnson 1979). One of these, Cirsium drummondiiT. & G., was even preferred in favour of Canada thistle in choice tests in the laboratory. In a field cage, however, the females laid most eggs on those thistles which were most prevalent in terms of biomass of leaves and stems (Peschken unpublished). (c) Releases The releases listed on Table 33 were made for the purpose of testing the host preference of L. cyanella in the more natural environment of a field cage, not for establishment in the field. In the course of these field cage studies, 4 out of 28 beetles survived the 1978n9 winter. In subsequent years the beetles were collected in the fall and overwintered in the laboratory. However, another adult was collected in the field in the spring of 1981. Thus L. cyan ella can survive the winter in Saskatchewan. No larvae were found in 1981. The release of L. cyanella with the intent of establishment has not yet been approved out of concern for the Cirsium species of our native North American flora.
Table 33 Open releases and recoveries of insects against Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.. 143 Year of Species and Province Origin Year Number Recovery Altica carduorum (Guerin-Meneville) British Columbia Switzerland· 1969 5534 Alberta Switzerland· 1969 170 1971 Ontario Switzerland • 1970 1018 France 1970 345 TOTAL 7067 Ceutorhynchus litura (F.) British Columbia Germany, Switzerland 1975 69 1976-80 France, Italy Alberta Germany, Switzerland 1975 57 1976-80 France, Italy Indian Head, Saskatchewan 1978 280 1979-80 Saskatchewan Switzerland· 1973 70 1974-80 Switzerland· 1974 30 1975-80 Germany, Switzerland 1975 41 1976-80 France, Italy Switzerland· 1976 56 Switzerland • 1978 25 1979 Indian Head, Saskatchewan 1979 228 1980 Ontario Switzerland·· 1966 56 New Brunswick Indian Head, Saskatchewan 1978 276 1981 TOTAL 1188 Urophora cardui (L.) British Columbia Germany 1974 274 Germany 1975 98 France. Austria 1976 199 plus lab. reared from French stock Alberta Germany 1975 100 1976 Austria, France 1976 472 plus lab. reared from French stock Lab. reared from stock 1977 406 1978-81 collected in Canada Saskatchewan Germany 1974 625 Germany, plus lab. 1975 274 1976-80 reared from German stock France, Austria 1976 915 1977-78 plus lab. reared from French stock Lab. reared from stock 1977 392 collected in Canada Ontario Germany 1975 81 1976-80 France, Austria 1976 52 1977-80 plus lab. reared from French stock
Page 2 and 3:
Biological Control Programmes again
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS Contents iii Page FOREWORD
Page 6 and 7:
Chapter 50. Coleophora serratella (
Page 8 and 9:
General Introduction Gcncrallntrodu
Page 10 and 11:
PART I BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF AGRICU
Page 12 and 13:
4 J. S. Kelleher Table 1 to be plac
Page 14 and 15:
Blank Page 6
Page 16:
Blank Page 8
Page 19 and 20:
Pest Status Background Chapter 4 Ag
Page 22 and 23:
Blank Page 14
Page 24 and 25:
16 R. P. Jaques and J. E. Laing vir
Page 27:
Pest Status Background Chapter 6 Cu
Page 30 and 31:
Blank Page 22
Page 32 and 33:
24 J. A. Shemanchuk. H. C. Wisler a
Page 34 and 35:
26 R. P. Jaques and J. E. Laing Tab
Page 36 and 37:
Blank Page 28
Page 38 and 39:
30 F. L. McEwen Literature Cited Si
Page 40 and 41:
32 G. H. Gerber Recommendations Lit
Page 42 and 43:
34 H. H. Cheng Parasitoids Predator
Page 46 and 47:
Blank Page 38
Page 49:
Pest Status Background Releases and
Page 52 and 53:
Blank Page 44
Page 54 and 55:
46 C. H. Craig and C. C. Loan Relea
Page 56 and 57:
Blank Page 48
Page 58 and 59:
50 W. J. Turnock Table 7 Table 8 Pa
Page 61 and 62:
Table 9 Mamestra configurata Walker
Page 63 and 64:
Literature Cited Mamestra con/igura
Page 65 and 66:
Pest Status Background Chapter 16 M
Page 67 and 68:
Mtmduca qllillqllemaclliata (Hawort
Page 69 and 70:
Chapter 17 Melanoplus spp., Camnula
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 18 Musca domestica L., Hous
Page 73 and 74:
Pest Status Background Chapter 19 R
Page 75 and 76:
Recommendations Literature Cited Ou
Page 77:
Pest Status and Background Chapter
Page 80 and 81:
Blank Page 72
Page 82 and 83:
74 H. G. Wylie, W. J. Turnock and L
Page 85 and 86:
Pest Status Background Releases and
Page 87:
Pest Status Background Chapter 23 T
Page 92 and 93:
Blank Page 84
Page 95:
Releases and Recoveries Tipilia pai
Page 98:
90 R. J. McClanahan Releases and Re
Page 101 and 102: PART II BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS
Page 103 and 104: Success of the Programme Chapter 26
Page 105: Table 17 Current approaches to biol
Page 108 and 109: 100 P. Harris The number of niches
Page 110: 102 P. Harris The Future Literature
Page 113: Pest Status Background Chapter 27 A
Page 117: Evaluation of Control Attempts Reco
Page 120 and 121: Blank Page 112
Page 123: Pest Status Chapter 30 Carduus nuta
Page 126 and 127: 118 P. Harris Table 23 Open release
Page 128 and 129: 120 P. Harris Table 25 may have bee
Page 130 and 131: 122 P. Harris Table 26 C. flU/ailS
Page 132: 124 P. Harris Reasons for the impac
Page 135: Pest Status Chapter 31 Centaurea di
Page 140 and 141: 132 P. Harris and J. H. Myers Metzn
Page 142 and 143: 134 P. Harris and J. H. Myers Table
Page 144 and 145: 136 P. Harris and J. H. Myers Ackno
Page 148 and 149: 140 D. P. Peschken Ceutorhynchus lI
Page 152: 144 D. P. Peschken Table 33 continu
Page 155 and 156: Pest Status Background Releases and
Page 157 and 158: Table 35 Cirs;llm I'ulg(lre (Savi)
Page 159 and 160: The number of seeds per head vs. he
Page 161 and 162: CiTSiu11I J'lllgaTe (Savi) Ten. , 1
Page 163 and 164: Pest Status Background Biological C
Page 168 and 169: 160 P. Harris Background desirable.
Page 170: 162 P. Harris Table 40 Table 41 Ope
Page 175 and 176: Table 44 Evaluation of Control Atte
Page 180 and 181: 172 P. Harris and M. Maw Releases a
Page 182: 174 P. Harris and M. Maw Table 45 O
Page 188 and 189: 180 P. Harris Background Table 47 m
Page 190 and 191: 182 P. Harris Recommendations Ackno
Page 192 and 193: 184 M. G. Maw Discussion Recommenda
Page 194 and 195: 186 M.G. Maw Background R. catharti
Page 196: 188 M. G. Maw Recommendations Liter
Page 199 and 200: Pest Status Background Chapter 40 S
Page 201 and 202:
Recommendations Acknowledgements Li
Page 203 and 204:
Pest Status Background Chapter 41 S
Page 205:
Releases and Recoveries HyJemya sen
Page 209 and 210:
Sellecio jacoba('(/ 201 Myers, 1.H.
Page 211 and 212:
Pest Status Background Chapter 42 S
Page 213 and 214:
Pest Status Chapter 43 Sonchus arve
Page 215 and 216:
Releases and Recoveries Table 51 Sc
Page 217 and 218:
Sone/Ills arvensis L., 209 Skuhravd
Page 219 and 220:
Pest Status Biological Control Stud
Page 221 and 222:
PART III BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FORE
Page 224 and 225:
216 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green Sel
Page 226 and 227:
218 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green Tab
Page 228 and 229:
220 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green Eva
Page 230 and 231:
222 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green lar
Page 232:
224 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green abi
Page 235 and 236:
Literature Cited Biological control
Page 237 and 238:
Pest Status Chapter 46 Background a
Page 239 and 240:
Tablc 55 continucd Adelges piceadRa
Page 241 and 242:
Table 55 continued Aclelge.\· ph-e
Page 243 and 244:
Pest Status Chapter 47 Choristoneur
Page 245 and 246:
Literature Cited ChorislOIU'lIfCI f
Page 247 and 248:
A. Field development of Bacillus Ih
Page 252 and 253:
244 W. A. Smirnoffand O. N. Morris
Page 254:
246 W. A. Smirnoff and O. N. Morris
Page 258 and 259:
250 J. C. Cunningham and G. M. Hows
Page 261:
Table 67 B. Viruses: Application an
Page 267:
Literature Cited B. Viruscs: Applic
Page 272 and 273:
264 G. G. Wilson, D. Tyrrell and T.
Page 274 and 275:
266 G. G. Wilson. D. Tyrrrell and T
Page 277 and 278:
CephaJogl)pta murinanae Bauer (Hyme
Page 279 and 280:
Agria housei Shewell (Diptera: Sare
Page 282 and 283:
274 I. W. Varty experimental biolog
Page 284 and 285:
276 I. W. Varty Further research Li
Page 286 and 287:
27R R. F. Shcphcrd and J. C. Cunnin
Page 288 and 289:
Blank Page 280
Page 290 and 291:
282 I. S. Otvos and F. W. Quednau C
Page 292 and 293:
2M.. I. S. OtV()S and F. W. Quednau
Page 295:
Background Releases and Recoveries
Page 299:
Pest Status Background Chapter 51 F
Page 305 and 306:
Ontario Gilpitlia Ill'rcylliae (Har
Page 308 and 309:
-(I) C c::: o '';:; ::::l .c ';: 30
Page 310 and 311:
302 L. P. Magasi and G. A. Van Sick
Page 313 and 314:
Lymcltllria dispar (L.). 305 avian
Page 315 and 316:
Table 80 Table 81 Ooenc)'rtus kuvsn
Page 317:
Recommendations Literature Cited Ly
Page 321 and 322:
Malacosoma disstria J-Hibner. 3/3 1
Page 327 and 328:
Malam.mma disstria Hiibner, 319 Sta
Page 329 and 330:
Pest Status Background Field Trial
Page 331 and 332:
Pest Status Background Field Trials
Page 333 and 334:
Aerial spray trials in Ontario in 1
Page 335:
Table 85 Neodipriotl {ecomei (Fitch
Page 339:
Pest Status Background Chapter 58 N
Page 343 and 344:
Table 86 Open releases and recoveri
Page 345:
PfeoIopbus ba9zonus (Grav.) (Hymeno
Page 348 and 349:
340 K. J. Griffiths, J. C. Cunningh
Page 350 and 351:
342 R. J. Finnegan and W. A. Smirno
Page 353:
Evaluation of Control Attempts Tabl
Page 357 and 358:
Pest Status Chapter 60 Operophtera
Page 359 and 360:
Evaluation of Control Attempt Recom
Page 361 and 362:
Pest Status Background Chapter 61 O
Page 366 and 367:
Blank Page 358
Page 368 and 369:
360 D. G. Embree. D. E. Elgee and G
Page 370 and 371:
Blank Page 362
Page 374 and 375:
366 J. C. Cunningham and R. F. Shep
Page 376 and 377:
Blank Page 368
Page 379 and 380:
Pristiphora erichsollii (Hartig). 3
Page 381 and 382:
Releases and Recoveries Olesicampe
Page 384 and 385:
376 W. G. H. Ives and J. A. Muldrew
Page 386:
378 W. G. HIves and J. A. Muldrew R
Page 389:
Pest Status Background Chapter 65 P
Page 392:
384 F. W. Quednau Evaluation of Con
Page 395 and 396:
Pest Status Chapter 66 Rhyacionia b
Page 397 and 398:
Rhyaciollia blloliallll (Schiff.).
Page 399 and 400:
c .2 5 :g Cij c Rhyacion;a buoliuna
Page 401 and 402:
Agatbis binominata (Mues.) (Hymenop
Page 404 and 405:
396 Appendix Raske, A.G., Newfoundl
Page 406 and 407:
398 Index of Species Apanlt'les rub
Page 408:
400 Index of Species Chrysoc/laris
Page 412 and 413:
404 Index of Species lawn 85 leafy
Page 414 and 415:
406 Index of Species pear 211 pecos
Page 416:
408 Index of Species sibericus. Den
show all

pdf, 57.71Mb - Entomological Society of Canada

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?