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230 H. O. Schooley. J.W.E. Harris and B. Pendrel been accepted and no introductions or releases have been made since 1969. The search for surviving introduced predators was discontinued in 1969, 1971. and 1978 in both New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (D.O. Greenbank. personal communication). in Newfoundland (Bryant 1971). and in British Columbia (Harris & Dawson 1979). The history of predator releases and recoveries tabulated by Clark et al. (1971) has been updated Table 55 Open releases and recoveries of predators against Adelges piceae (Ratz.) Year of Species and province Year Origin Number Recovery Adalia luteopicta Mulsant Newfoundland 1960 India 159 Adalia ronina (Lewis) Newfoundland 1961 Japan 67 Nova Scotia 1963 Japan 290 New Brunswick 1960 Japan 25 1960 1962 Japan 37 1962 1963 Japan 585 1963 Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Newfoundland 1960 India 33 Aphidecta obliterata (L.) Newfoundland 1959 Czechoslovakia 735 1960 Germany 934 1962 Czechoslovakia 848 1963 Germany 989 1964 Germany 1 187 1965 Czechoslovakia 185 Germany 267 1966 Czechoslovakia 509 1966 Austria 1380 1966 1967 Austria 4288 1967 1968 Germany 1096 1968 and Austria Nova Scotia 1964 Germany 1 773 1967 1966 Austria 370 Norway 47 1967 Norway 422 New Brunswick 1962 Germany 1827 1962 1963 Germany 3157 1963 British Columbia 1960 Germany 1050 1961 Germany 1 141 1962 Germany 796 1963 Germany 1997 1965 Czechoslovakia 660 1968 Germany 1069 1969 Germany 420 Aphidoletes thompsoni (Mohn) Newfoundland 1959 Czechoslovakia 3 124 Germany 25 952 1962 Germany 270 1961 1963 Germany 5201
Tablc 55 continucd Adelges piceadRatz.), 231 Yearof Species and province Year Origin Number recovery 1965 Germany 826 1967 1966 Germany 35119 1968 Germany 7248 Nova Scotia 1965 Germany 450 1965 1966 Germany 37 110 1966-67 New Brunswick 1959 Germany 36131 1959-61 1965 Germany 551 1965 1966 Germany 6300 1966 British Columbia 1962 Germany 280 1963 Germany 516 1965 Germany 1080 1967 1966 Germany 6845 Balaustium sp. Quebec 1967 Pakistan 126 Ballia eue/,aris Mulsant Newfoundland 1960 India 32 New Brunswick 1959 Pakistan 79 1960 India 55 Coccinella septempunctata L. New Brunswick 1959 India 28 1960 India 22 Cremifania nigrocel/ulata Czerney Newfoundland 1959 Germany 198 1971 1961 Germany 17 Nova Scotia 1966 Germany 169 1966 New Brunswick 1963 Germany 48 1964-65 1966 Germany 17 1966-68 British Columbia 1966 Germany 137 1968 Germany 706 1969 Exochomus lituratus Gorham Newfoundland 1960 Pakistan no Nova Scotia 1963 Pakistan 991 New Brunswick 1963 Pakistan 209 Exochomus uropygialis Mulsan! Newfoundland 1960 India 226 1960 Pakistan 2839 Nova Scotia 1963 Pakistan 8782 New Brunswick 1959 Pakistan 2550 1963 Pakistan 247 1964 Pakistan 238 Harmonia breiti Mader Newfoundland 1960 Pakistan 88 New Brunswick 1959 India 85 Laricobius erichsonii Rosenhauer Newfoundland 1959 Czechoslovakia 1043 1959 Germany 2159 1960
Page 2 and 3:
Biological Control Programmes again
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CONTENTS Contents iii Page FOREWORD
Page 6 and 7:
Chapter 50. Coleophora serratella (
Page 8 and 9:
General Introduction Gcncrallntrodu
Page 10 and 11:
PART I BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF AGRICU
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4 J. S. Kelleher Table 1 to be plac
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Pest Status Background Chapter 4 Ag
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16 R. P. Jaques and J. E. Laing vir
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Pest Status Background Chapter 6 Cu
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24 J. A. Shemanchuk. H. C. Wisler a
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26 R. P. Jaques and J. E. Laing Tab
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Blank Page 28
Page 38 and 39:
30 F. L. McEwen Literature Cited Si
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32 G. H. Gerber Recommendations Lit
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34 H. H. Cheng Parasitoids Predator
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Blank Page 38
Page 49:
Pest Status Background Releases and
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Blank Page 44
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46 C. H. Craig and C. C. Loan Relea
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Blank Page 48
Page 58 and 59:
50 W. J. Turnock Table 7 Table 8 Pa
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Table 9 Mamestra configurata Walker
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Literature Cited Mamestra con/igura
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Pest Status Background Chapter 16 M
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Mtmduca qllillqllemaclliata (Hawort
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Chapter 17 Melanoplus spp., Camnula
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Chapter 18 Musca domestica L., Hous
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Pest Status Background Chapter 19 R
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Recommendations Literature Cited Ou
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Pest Status and Background Chapter
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Blank Page 72
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74 H. G. Wylie, W. J. Turnock and L
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Pest Status Background Chapter 23 T
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Blank Page 84
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Releases and Recoveries Tipilia pai
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90 R. J. McClanahan Releases and Re
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PART II BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS
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Success of the Programme Chapter 26
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Table 17 Current approaches to biol
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100 P. Harris The number of niches
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102 P. Harris The Future Literature
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Pest Status Background Chapter 27 A
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Evaluation of Control Attempts Reco
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Blank Page 112
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Pest Status Chapter 30 Carduus nuta
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118 P. Harris Table 23 Open release
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120 P. Harris Table 25 may have bee
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122 P. Harris Table 26 C. flU/ailS
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124 P. Harris Reasons for the impac
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Pest Status Chapter 31 Centaurea di
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132 P. Harris and J. H. Myers Metzn
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134 P. Harris and J. H. Myers Table
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136 P. Harris and J. H. Myers Ackno
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Blank Page 138
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140 D. P. Peschken Ceutorhynchus lI
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142 D. P. Pcschken Lema cyanella (L
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144 D. P. Peschken Table 33 continu
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Table 35 Cirs;llm I'ulg(lre (Savi)
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The number of seeds per head vs. he
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CiTSiu11I J'lllgaTe (Savi) Ten. , 1
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Pest Status Background Biological C
Page 166 and 167:
Blank Page 158
Page 168 and 169:
160 P. Harris Background desirable.
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162 P. Harris Table 40 Table 41 Ope
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Table 44 Evaluation of Control Atte
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Blank Page 170
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172 P. Harris and M. Maw Releases a
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174 P. Harris and M. Maw Table 45 O
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Blank Page 178
Page 188 and 189: 180 P. Harris Background Table 47 m
Page 190 and 191: 182 P. Harris Recommendations Ackno
Page 192 and 193: 184 M. G. Maw Discussion Recommenda
Page 194 and 195: 186 M.G. Maw Background R. catharti
Page 196: 188 M. G. Maw Recommendations Liter
Page 199 and 200: Pest Status Background Chapter 40 S
Page 201 and 202: Recommendations Acknowledgements Li
Page 205: Releases and Recoveries HyJemya sen
Page 209 and 210: Sellecio jacoba('(/ 201 Myers, 1.H.
Page 213 and 214: Pest Status Chapter 43 Sonchus arve
Page 215 and 216: Releases and Recoveries Table 51 Sc
Page 217 and 218: Sone/Ills arvensis L., 209 Skuhravd
Page 219 and 220: Pest Status Biological Control Stud
Page 221 and 222: PART III BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FORE
Page 224 and 225: 216 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green Sel
Page 226 and 227: 218 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green Tab
Page 228 and 229: 220 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green Eva
Page 230 and 231: 222 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green lar
Page 232: 224 M. A. Hulme and G. W. Green abi
Page 235 and 236: Literature Cited Biological control
Page 237: Pest Status Chapter 46 Background a
Page 241 and 242: Table 55 continued Aclelge.\· ph-e
Page 243 and 244: Pest Status Chapter 47 Choristoneur
Page 245 and 246: Literature Cited ChorislOIU'lIfCI f
Page 247 and 248: A. Field development of Bacillus Ih
Page 252 and 253: 244 W. A. Smirnoffand O. N. Morris
Page 254: 246 W. A. Smirnoff and O. N. Morris
Page 258 and 259: 250 J. C. Cunningham and G. M. Hows
Page 261: Table 67 B. Viruses: Application an
Page 267: Literature Cited B. Viruscs: Applic
Page 272 and 273: 264 G. G. Wilson, D. Tyrrell and T.
Page 274 and 275: 266 G. G. Wilson. D. Tyrrrell and T
Page 277 and 278: CephaJogl)pta murinanae Bauer (Hyme
Page 279 and 280: Agria housei Shewell (Diptera: Sare
Page 282 and 283: 274 I. W. Varty experimental biolog
Page 284 and 285: 276 I. W. Varty Further research Li
Page 286 and 287: 27R R. F. Shcphcrd and J. C. Cunnin
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Blank Page 280
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282 I. S. Otvos and F. W. Quednau C
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2M.. I. S. OtV()S and F. W. Quednau
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Background Releases and Recoveries
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Pest Status Background Chapter 51 F
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Ontario Gilpitlia Ill'rcylliae (Har
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-(I) C c::: o '';:; ::::l .c ';: 30
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302 L. P. Magasi and G. A. Van Sick
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Lymcltllria dispar (L.). 305 avian
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Table 80 Table 81 Ooenc)'rtus kuvsn
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Recommendations Literature Cited Ly
Page 321 and 322:
Malacosoma disstria J-Hibner. 3/3 1
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Malam.mma disstria Hiibner, 319 Sta
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Pest Status Background Field Trial
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Pest Status Background Field Trials
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Aerial spray trials in Ontario in 1
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Table 85 Neodipriotl {ecomei (Fitch
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Pest Status Background Chapter 58 N
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Table 86 Open releases and recoveri
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PfeoIopbus ba9zonus (Grav.) (Hymeno
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340 K. J. Griffiths, J. C. Cunningh
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342 R. J. Finnegan and W. A. Smirno
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Evaluation of Control Attempts Tabl
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Pest Status Chapter 60 Operophtera
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Evaluation of Control Attempt Recom
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Pest Status Background Chapter 61 O
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Blank Page 358
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360 D. G. Embree. D. E. Elgee and G
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Blank Page 362
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366 J. C. Cunningham and R. F. Shep
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Blank Page 368
Page 379 and 380:
Pristiphora erichsollii (Hartig). 3
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Releases and Recoveries Olesicampe
Page 384 and 385:
376 W. G. H. Ives and J. A. Muldrew
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378 W. G. HIves and J. A. Muldrew R
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Pest Status Background Chapter 65 P
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384 F. W. Quednau Evaluation of Con
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Pest Status Chapter 66 Rhyacionia b
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Rhyaciollia blloliallll (Schiff.).
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c .2 5 :g Cij c Rhyacion;a buoliuna
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Agatbis binominata (Mues.) (Hymenop
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396 Appendix Raske, A.G., Newfoundl
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398 Index of Species Apanlt'les rub
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400 Index of Species Chrysoc/laris
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404 Index of Species lawn 85 leafy
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406 Index of Species pear 211 pecos
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408 Index of Species sibericus. Den
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