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Recommendations<br />

Acknowledgements<br />

Literature Cited<br />

Sa/.m/a pestilL'r A. Nels.. 193<br />

attempts. More discouraging is the absence <strong>of</strong> any data on the losses caused by this<br />

extremely common weed on the prairies and the present general lack <strong>of</strong> interest in a<br />

biological control solution for Russian thistle.<br />

Biological control <strong>of</strong> S. pestifer should be discontinued until its use can be justified in<br />

economic terms.<br />

I am grateful to R.B. Hawkes for reviewing the manuscript.<br />

Frankton. C.: Mulligan. G.A. (1970) Weeds <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>. Canadian Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture. 217 pp.<br />

Goeden. R.D. (1973) Phytophagous insects found on Salsola in Turkey during exploration for biological weed control agents for California.<br />

Entomophaga 18. 439-448.<br />

Goeden. R.D.; Ricker. D.W. (1968) The phytophagous insect fauna <strong>of</strong> Russian thistle (Salsola kali var. tenuifolia) in southern California.<br />

Annals <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Entomological</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America 61. 67-72.<br />

Goeden. R.D.; Ricker. D.W. (1979) Field analysis <strong>of</strong> Coleophora parthenica (Lcp.: Coleophoridae) as an imported natural enemy <strong>of</strong><br />

Russian thistle. Salsola iberica. in the Coachella valley <strong>of</strong> southern California. Environmental<br />

Entomology 8. 1099-1101.<br />

Hawkes. R.B. (1969) Insects recorded from Salsola spp. and Halogeton spp. Report <strong>of</strong> the Entomology Research Division. USDA. ARS.<br />

Albany. California. 55 pp.<br />

Hawkcs. R.B.; Mayfield. A. (1976) Host specificity and biological studies <strong>of</strong> Coleophora parthenica Meyrick. an insect for the biological<br />

control <strong>of</strong> Russian thistle. Commemorative Volume in Entomology. Department <strong>of</strong> Entomology.<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Idaho. 37-43.<br />

Hawkes. R.B.; Mayfield. A. (19780) Coleophora klimeschitlla. biological control agent for Russian thistle: host specificity testing.<br />

Environmental Entomology 7. 257 - 261.<br />

Hawkes. R.B.; Mayfield. A. (l978b) Coleophora spp. as biological control agents against Russian thistle. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the 4th Inter.<br />

national Symposium on Biological Control <strong>of</strong> Weeds. 113-116.<br />

Julien. M.H. (1982) Biological control <strong>of</strong> weeds: a world catalogue <strong>of</strong> agents and their Iarget weeds. Commonwealth Institute <strong>of</strong> Biological<br />

Control. lOS pp.<br />

Khan. A.G.; Baloch. G.M. (1976) Coleophora klimeschiella (Lcp: Coleophoridae) a promising biocontrol agent for Russian thistles.<br />

Salsola spp. Entomophaga 21. 425-428.<br />

Moynan. J.e. (1939) Di\ision <strong>of</strong> illustration stations. Progress report 1934 to 1938. Part II. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture. <strong>Canada</strong>. 130 pp.<br />

Robertson. H. (1968) Sugar farmers <strong>of</strong> Manitoba. The Manitoba Beet Growers Association. 176 pp.<br />

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Severin. H.H.P. (1933) Field observations on the beet leafhopper. EUlellix ttnnt'llus. in California. Hilgardia 7. 281-360.<br />

Thomas. A.G. (1976) Weed survey <strong>of</strong> cultivated land in Saskatchewan. First annual report. Agricultural <strong>Canada</strong>. 93 pp.<br />

Thomas. A.G. (1977) Weed survey <strong>of</strong> cultivated land in Saskatchewan. Second annual report. Agriculture <strong>Canada</strong>. 103 pp.<br />

Thomas. A.G. (1978) Weed survey <strong>of</strong> cultivated land in Saskatchewan. Third annual report. Agriculture <strong>Canada</strong>. 113 pp.<br />

Thomas. A.G. (1979) Weed survey <strong>of</strong> cultivated land in Saskatchewan. Fourth annual report. Agriculture <strong>Canada</strong>. 141 pp.<br />

Wilcox. E.M.; Stevenson. N. (1909) Report <strong>of</strong> the Nebraska seed laboratory. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> the Agric-u1tural Experiment Station, Nebraska 110.<br />

29pp.

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