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306 K. J. Griffiths and F. W. Qucdnau
Table 79
Releases and Recoveries
Anastatus dis paris
Rusdaka (Hymenoptera:
Eupelmldae)
Parasitoids recovered from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in Canada 1974-80
Madrid & Quednau Griffiths
Griffiths Stewan 1978-80 1979-80
1977 1980 (unpublishcd) (unpublishcd)
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Sarcophaga aldrichi (Park.) xx xx
Tachinidae
Blepharipa pralensis (Mg.)' xx xx xx
Compsilura concinnala (Mg.)' xx xx xx xx
Exorisla larvarum (L.)' xx xx
Exorisla mella (Wlk.) xx
Paraseligena silvestris (R-D)' xx xx xx xx
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
COlesia melanosceills (Ratz.)· xx xx xx xx
Chalcididae
Brachymeria intermedia (Nees)' xx xx
Encyrtidae
Ooencyrtus kllvanae (How.)" xx
Eupelmidae
AnaslalllS disparis Ruschka" xx
Ichneumonidae
ExochllS sp. xx
Iloplectis conquislilor (Say) xx xx
Phobocampe disparis (Vier.)· xx xx xx
Pimpla pedalis (Cress.) xx xx xx xx
77reronia llIilfattJae fulvescens (Cress.) xx
Theronia hilaris (Say) xx
Scelionidae
TelonomllS sp. xx
• Exotic parasitoids established in the United States .
This parasitoid is a European species, successfully established in the United States by
Howard & Fiske (1911)_ Natural dispersal is slow because female adults cannot fly and the
species was subsequently distributed by further releases throughout the gypsy moth's
American range (Dowden 1962).
Adults of this species emerge from the previous year's gypsy moth eggs at about the
time female moths are ovipositing. Female parasitoids attack the eggs and the parasitic
larvae can develop in all embryonic stages of the gypsy moth. However, the proportion
of gypsy moth females produced and the fecundity and longevity of the ovipositing
female is reduced only if older eggs are attacked. There is usually only one generation
per year and the parasitoid overwinters as a mature larva within the host egg. Preliminary
work on the overwintering ability of mature larvae of the parasitoid indicated that A.
dis paris apparently could survive over the same geographic area in Canada as the
gypsy moth (Sullivan el 01. 1977). Because parasitism up to 28% had been recorded by
Burgess & Crossman (1929), introduction of this species into Canada was undertaken