Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia - Ethiomedia

290 Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia
Senior civil service agencies and officers (civil service commission, treasury,
and ministry or department heads)
Civil servants and officials (in the land administration agency and other
land-related agencies)
Local officials (for example, city mayors, governors, and village leaders)
Private sector service providers (for example, public notaries, lawyers,
surveyors, valuers, brokers, and real estate agents)
Private sector investors (for example, developers and building
contractors,)
The general public.
How the Value Chain Works
Land sector services are typically provided locally, usually through a special
office such as a provincial or district land office or through an office or unit
within an existing agency such as a local government authority or court.
These services are typically provided either (a) systematically, where the
government routinely provides particular services such as formalization of
land rights village-by-village and conversion of records from a deeds registration
to a title registration process; or (b) sporadically, as an individual
process in response to an individual landholder’s specific request.
In sum, land services are typically as follows:
Undertaken as a set of clearly specified procedures or processes that
implement policy
Legally empowered by legislation (such as laws and regulations)
Implemented through specified forms
Specified in official instructions or directives, standard operating procedures,
and manuals.
“Land sector services” also covers a wide range of topics, including
land tenure and allocation; land management and land use planning;
public land management; the recording and registration of rights in land
and land records management; and land dispute resolution and conflict
management. In turn, each of these topics requires many work procedures
and processes to do the following:
Formally recognize existing land and property rights through systematic,
sporadic, or transaction-based approaches
Allocate land through grants or leases to—or permit the extraction of
resources (for example, logging of timber, extraction of gravel and
sand) by—both domestic and foreign individuals or legal entities