PARLIAMENT AND DEMOCRACY - Inter-Parliamentary Union

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Commonwealth Parliamentary Association The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) is composed of branches formed in Parliaments and Legislatures in Commonwealth countries which subscribe to parliamentary democracy. The CPA’s mission is to promote the advancement of parliamentary democracy by enhancing knowledge and understanding of democratic governance and by building an informed parliamentary community able to deepen the Commonwealth’s democratic commitment and to further co-operation among its Parliaments and Legislatures. Website: http://www.cpahq.org National Conference of State Legislatures The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) provides technical assistance in democracies and emerging democracies across the globe with the goal of strengthening the legislative institution. Drawing on its experience in the U.S. states, the NCSL provides assistance on such institutional issues as the legislative process, parliamentary procedure, committee structures and functions, staff organisation, ethics training, leadership training, and constituent relations. NCSL has conducted a variety of projects in the areas of accountability, civic education, ethics, federalism, legislative management, new member training, and transparency in government. NCSL has also organised a number of workshops that often involve the entire legislature and are usually conducted by U.S. state legislators, legislative staff and/or NCSL staff. Website: http://www.ncsl.org/public/internat/Technical.htm AWEPA, European Parliamentarians for Africa AWEPA is an association of parliamentarians that works to support the well functioning of parliaments in Africa and to keep Africa on the political agenda in Europe. Action is undertaken for human resource development with parliamentarians and other elected representatives and institutional capacity building within parliaments and decentralized authorities. This includes attention to: ■ the key role of well-functioning parliaments with regards to democracy, human rights and peaceful conflict management; ■ the attainment of gender equality at all levels of political decision-making; ■ African-European sharing of parliamentary experience; ■ building parliamentary networks at national, regional and inter-regional levels as fora for political and non-governmental interaction. Website: http://www.awepa.org Annexes I 205
206 I PARLIAMENT AND DEMOCRACY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY International organisations Organization of American States The Organization of American States’ (OAS) Program to Support the Strengthening of Legislative Institutions (PAFIL) has worked with parliaments for several years in order to strengthen their role in representative democracy and in the integration process. The Program has supported the efforts of national and regional parliaments through its cooperation, harmonization and legislative adjustment initiatives, particularly in those concerning the Inter-American agenda such as: drug trafficking, corruption, terrorism, and natural disasters—challenges that also require minimally compatible and coordinated legislative responses. Website: http://www.ddpa.oas.org/opd/pafil/default.htm United Nations Development Programme As part of its Democratic Governance practice area, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) provides support to parliaments to ensure that they have the capacity, resources and necessary independence to carry out their core functions effectively. Parliamentary development is a particularly strategic entry point for UNDP programming and policy advisory services in a bid to harness parliaments’ capacity as agents of change and potential promoters of the Millenium Development Goals. The organisation now supports over 50 parliaments around the world. Parliamentary development is one of the fastest growing areas of UNDP’s democratic governance practice, with the number of projects up tenfold from a decade ago. UNDP provides a package of integrated technical assistance aimed at strengthening the three chief functions of parliaments — lawmaking, oversight, and representation. The organisation works to build the capacity of legislators and technical staff, promote institutional reform, and strengthen parliaments’ relationships with the executive and judiciary branches of government as well as with civil society. Website: http://www.undp.org/governance/sl-parliaments.htm World Bank Institute The World Bank Institute’s Parliamentary Strengthening Programme aims to enhance parliaments’ capacity to effectively fulfill their responsibilities, especially with regard to government policy implementation and budget oversight. The Programme’s objectives include: ■ strengthening the capacity of parliaments to oversee the allocation and use of public funds ■ assisting parliaments in better representing the interest of citizens in the policy process, especially in the context of the PRSP ■ supporting parliamentary learning networks on key policy issues related to development ■ encouraging and promoting leading research on the role of parliaments, where such research can contribute to the better design of World Bank parliamentary support programs. Website: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/parliament/
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2. A representative parliament The
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Electoral systems A representative
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Election rules and procedures to en
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Foreign Affairs in the Norwegian St
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A representative parliament I 33 ca
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ment to following through a process
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4. An accessible parliament The pre
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■ the fixed office; An accessible
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■ collaborating with NGOs in loca
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An accessible parliament I 75 Nowad
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ned against excessive reductions in
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An accessible parliament I 79 Furth
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An accessible parliament I 81 estab
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Extract from handbook on ‘Making
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An accessible parliament I 85 This
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■ a public record available on li
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An accessible parliament I 89 The N
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case in Switzerland, the country wi
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An effective parliament (I): The na
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Where parliaments lack capacity thr
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that the Senate, the House of Commo
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consideration of a bill more effect
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National Assembly is currently in t
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Oversight through parliamentary que
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A case-study of oversight: security
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Anti-terrorist legislation An effec
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Page 168 and 169: An effective parliament (II): Parli
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Page 228: Sweden, 63, 75, 110, 112, 165 gende
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