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Chapter 5. The Underworld 126<br />

ancestral communities. The idea is definitely modern, is most likely carry-over from<br />

Christian upbringing,” and may never have really played any major part in the<br />

Northern European Heathen worldview at all. This, however, is one of those things<br />

that cultural anthropologists will be trying to sort out for a long time.<br />

The idea that becoming one of the “straw-dead” 21 was somehow a bad thing is<br />

an ill-founded modernism probably having its origin in the warrior sects of the Late<br />

Viking Age. The Finns and the Saamí both had an ancient saying common into this<br />

century that “going up” after death was a bad thing, and that “going downwards”<br />

(into the earth) was a good thing. “Going upwards” meant that one had died a<br />

violent death, such as having been murdered or killed in battle, and the results of<br />

the bloody death could be seen in the night sky particularly in the omen of the<br />

“red lights,” a reddish aurora borealis, which forebode ill luck for the village. In<br />

their belief, they knew that the bloody dead went to the Finno-Ugric equivalent of<br />

Valhalla, and being usually a nonviolent people by nature, felt that an eternity of<br />

warfare and violence was one of the worst fates that could befall a person. Dying<br />

back into the fold of the kin, where one was safe, fed, and loved, was ideal. Although<br />

the Icelandic sagas are records of the exploits and lifestyles of a part-time-warrior<br />

society, most people in Scandinavia at the time were engaged primarily in agriculture,<br />

hence the need for gaining and holding the favor of the ancestors. For the<br />

professional mercenary, perhaps, the idea of becoming “straw-dead” was abhorrent,<br />

but, then, so was being stuck at home as a father/ farmer.<br />

Dying outside the circle of the kin was not a good thing. The drowned, for<br />

example, were scooped up into the nets of Ran and were removed to her hall far<br />

below the waves. Egil Skallagrimson says<br />

“My lineage ends, like the storm-<br />

Felled maples of the forest.<br />

I have buried the bodies<br />

Of too many of my kin.<br />

I search for speech, for telling<br />

Praise of my long-dead parents.<br />

Words bud in my mind now, break,<br />

Blossom and blaze in green song.<br />

21 ”Straw-dead” is a kenning (Nordic-type metaphor) for one who dies in his/ her sleep either<br />

from illness or ”naturally.” In modern times, and probably in Heathen times as well, it is generally<br />

used in a pejorative sense.

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