Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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101 • Chronic renal disease. • Inflammation and degeneration of renal tubules. e. Cellular Casts Cellular casts are casts, which contain • Epithelial cells • White blood cells • Red blood cells Normal range: normally not seen in normal individual Appearance • <strong>The</strong>se are casts in which cellular elements are seen. • Formed usually after accumulation of cellular element in the renal tubules Clinical Significance • Epithelial / renal / casts mostly seen in tubular degeneration. • Red cell cast usually seen in acute glomerulonephritis cases. • White blood cell casts seen mostly during pyelonephrites conditions. NOTE: Casts are very significant findings of urine microscopic examination. This is because their presence indicates the existence of renal disease. Sometimes it is possible to get a single cast having course granules, fine granules and fat droplets, i.e. different substances in a single cast, at the same time. At this time decision is made after looking and evaluation of other fields and based on the majorities. Reporting of Laboratory Result • Casts are ex7amined under 10x objective of the microscope.
102 • Always the condenser should be lowered and at the same time in order to have good contrast, the diaphragm should be partially closed. • Casts are reported quantitatively by saying: o o o o Occasional casts / LPF Few casts / LPF Moderate casts / LPF and Many casts / LPF During the report the, type of cast that is seen should also be mentioned Example: few hyaline casts / LPF are seen PARASITES Parasites that can be seen in urine microscopy are: • Trichomonas vaginalis • Schistosoma haematobium • Wuchereria bancroftie * Other parasites also may occur due to contamination of the urine with stool. a. Trichomonas Vaginalis It is a protozoal parasite that infect the genitourinary tract. Appearance - Size is about 15 μm. - Shape is round, globular. - Has vibratory, whirls and turns type of movement. - Has also undulating membrane that is like the fin of a fish, on one side very motile. - Have 4 flagella.
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LECTURE NOTES For Medical Laborator
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Preface i Books on Medical history
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Contents iii Preface Aknowledgement
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v List of Table Table 1 Methods of
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Abbreviations vii ADH : Antidiureti
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ix This lecture note is prepared fo
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Components of the renal system are
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4 collecting tubule. A number of th
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- Electrolytes - Cast parasites and
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Exercise 1. 8 Answer the Following
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10 plastic tube with a plastic snap
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12 24- Hour specimen - a specimen o
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• Distruction of glucose by bacte
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16 2.3 Type of Examination in Routi
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18 CHAPTER THREE Physical Examinati
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• Myxedema • Some type of tubul
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metabolic conditions, the color and
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- By letting it to stand for more t
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• Degree of cloudiness of the uri
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- Look for color change of red litm
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tubules of the nephron, depending o
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Specimen: It should be the first ur
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gravity is elevated because of the
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36 Exercises Say True or False 1. U
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38 constituents of urine. 4.1 Deter
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40 Causes of Glycosuria • Physiol
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specimen and the results are graded
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unnecessary.The reaction for clinit
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46 The overall reaction is : Glucos
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2. Dip part of the tape into the ur
Page 61 and 62: metabolism or absorption, the body
Page 63 and 64: 4. If acetone or acetoacetate is pr
Page 65 and 66: immediately. For this reason, Gerha
Page 67 and 68: contains only traces of protein, in
Page 69 and 70: It requires large volumes ( 0.5 to
Page 71 and 72: due to urates, uric acid urea and b
Page 73 and 74: 62 Preparation of Acetic Acid Reage
Page 75 and 76: urine contains more than 100mg/dl p
Page 77 and 78: cell disease (hepatocellular diseas
Page 79 and 80: 68 1. Icotest Tablet Test The Ictot
Page 81 and 82: characteristic color with the other
Page 83 and 84: 72 Sensitivity Urobilistix detects
Page 85 and 86: Hemoglobinuria may occur with sever
Page 87 and 88: Since all these tests are based on
Page 89 and 90: peroxidase activity) catalyzes the
Page 91 and 92: 80 4.9 Determination of Nitrite Int
Page 93 and 94: The pink color is therefore related
Page 95 and 96: - Pancreatic insufficiency. - Intes
Page 97 and 98: 86 A. Ferric Chloride Test Principl
Page 99 and 100: 88 CHAPTER FIVE Microscopic Examina
Page 101 and 102: • If it is difficult to deliver w
Page 103 and 104: 92 5.3 Urinary Sediments Classifica
Page 105 and 106: Red blood cells are some what round
Page 107 and 108: EPITHELIAL CELLS • Normally few e
Page 109 and 110: 98 CASTS • Formed by precipitatio
Page 111: 100 c. Waxy Casts (Renal Failure Ca
Page 115 and 116: 104 • Large, measuring 275-399 x
Page 117 and 118: 106 Report of the Result The bacter
Page 119 and 120: 108 Some drug crystals in the urine
Page 121 and 122: 110 - Have various tiny squarish, b
Page 123 and 124: 112 - Size is about 20 μm. - Often
Page 125 and 126: 114 They can be confirmed by logos
Page 127 and 128: 116 Nucleus Cytoplasm Squameous epi
Page 129 and 130: 118 Reagent No.5 Bleach for Preserv
Page 131 and 132: 120 Reagent No.16 Saturated Sodium
Page 133 and 134: 122 III. Table 4: Correct and Incor
Page 135 and 136: 124 Glomeurlar Filtration Rate: The
Page 137 and 138: 126 Urinometer: A small glass instr
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Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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