Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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123 Glossary Alkaptouria: Genetically determined defect of metabolism in which homogenestic acid is excreted in the urine, which turns dark on standing. Alkaline: Containing alkali, strictly a fluid with pH greater than 7. Anuria: Cessation of the production of urine. Bile Pigments: Breakdown products of hemoglobin. Cystine: Sulfur containing amino acid. Cystinosis: A rare inborn error of metabolism of cystine and other amino acids. Cystinuria: Presence of abnormal amount of cystine in the urine. Cystitis: Inflammation of the urinary bladder. Diabetes Insipidus: A syndrome caused by deficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland, and characterized by polyuria. Diabetes Mellitus: insulin. A syndrome caused by a relative deficiency of Diuresis: An increased secretion of urine. Diuretics: Drugs, which increase the volume of urine excreted. Diurnal: Daily Endocarditis: Inflammation of the endocardial lining of the heart. Glomerulus’s: The filtration unit of a nephrone, consists of a coil of fine capillaries opposed to an expansion of urinary epithelium. Glomeurlar Filtrate: membrane. Ultra filtered blood through the glomerular
124 Glomeurlar Filtration Rate: The rate by which the glomerular filtrate is formed. Glomerulonephritis: one cause of acute nephritic syndrome. The exact pathogenesis is unknown but mostly associated with streptococcal infection of throat or elsewhere. Glycaemia: Presence of sugar in blood . Glycosuria: Presence of sugar in urine. Hemoglobinuria: Hemoglobin, freed by lysis of red blood cells, in the urine. Haematuria: Presence of intact red blood cells in the urine. Jaundice: A syndrome characterized by an increased level of bile pigments in the blood and tissue fluids. Ketonaemia: Presence of Kenton bodies in the blood. Ketone: Chemical compound containing carbonyl radical (C=O). Ketonuria: the presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Ketosis: Acidosis due to increased level of Ketone bodies in the blood. Oliguria: A diminution in the volume of urine produced by the kidney. Orthostatic Proteinuria: Protein if urine due to standing upright anatomic position for long period. Polyuria: Excessive production of urine. Polymorph Nuclear: having nuclei of various shape. Postprandial: After meal. Postural Proteinuria: Protein in urine pertaining to posture. Pylonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney its pelvic.
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LECTURE NOTES For Medical Laborator
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Preface i Books on Medical history
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Contents iii Preface Aknowledgement
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v List of Table Table 1 Methods of
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Abbreviations vii ADH : Antidiureti
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ix This lecture note is prepared fo
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Components of the renal system are
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4 collecting tubule. A number of th
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- Electrolytes - Cast parasites and
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Exercise 1. 8 Answer the Following
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10 plastic tube with a plastic snap
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12 24- Hour specimen - a specimen o
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• Distruction of glucose by bacte
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16 2.3 Type of Examination in Routi
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18 CHAPTER THREE Physical Examinati
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• Myxedema • Some type of tubul
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metabolic conditions, the color and
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- By letting it to stand for more t
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• Degree of cloudiness of the uri
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- Look for color change of red litm
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tubules of the nephron, depending o
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Specimen: It should be the first ur
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gravity is elevated because of the
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36 Exercises Say True or False 1. U
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38 constituents of urine. 4.1 Deter
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40 Causes of Glycosuria • Physiol
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specimen and the results are graded
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unnecessary.The reaction for clinit
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46 The overall reaction is : Glucos
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2. Dip part of the tape into the ur
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metabolism or absorption, the body
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4. If acetone or acetoacetate is pr
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immediately. For this reason, Gerha
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contains only traces of protein, in
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It requires large volumes ( 0.5 to
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due to urates, uric acid urea and b
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62 Preparation of Acetic Acid Reage
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urine contains more than 100mg/dl p
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cell disease (hepatocellular diseas
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68 1. Icotest Tablet Test The Ictot
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characteristic color with the other
Page 83 and 84: 72 Sensitivity Urobilistix detects
Page 85 and 86: Hemoglobinuria may occur with sever
Page 87 and 88: Since all these tests are based on
Page 89 and 90: peroxidase activity) catalyzes the
Page 91 and 92: 80 4.9 Determination of Nitrite Int
Page 93 and 94: The pink color is therefore related
Page 95 and 96: - Pancreatic insufficiency. - Intes
Page 97 and 98: 86 A. Ferric Chloride Test Principl
Page 99 and 100: 88 CHAPTER FIVE Microscopic Examina
Page 101 and 102: • If it is difficult to deliver w
Page 103 and 104: 92 5.3 Urinary Sediments Classifica
Page 105 and 106: Red blood cells are some what round
Page 107 and 108: EPITHELIAL CELLS • Normally few e
Page 109 and 110: 98 CASTS • Formed by precipitatio
Page 111 and 112: 100 c. Waxy Casts (Renal Failure Ca
Page 113 and 114: 102 • Always the condenser should
Page 115 and 116: 104 • Large, measuring 275-399 x
Page 117 and 118: 106 Report of the Result The bacter
Page 119 and 120: 108 Some drug crystals in the urine
Page 121 and 122: 110 - Have various tiny squarish, b
Page 123 and 124: 112 - Size is about 20 μm. - Often
Page 125 and 126: 114 They can be confirmed by logos
Page 127 and 128: 116 Nucleus Cytoplasm Squameous epi
Page 129 and 130: 118 Reagent No.5 Bleach for Preserv
Page 131 and 132: 120 Reagent No.16 Saturated Sodium
Page 133: 122 III. Table 4: Correct and Incor
Page 137 and 138: 126 Urinometer: A small glass instr
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Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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