Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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121 II. Table 3. Relationship between Physiochemical and Microscopic Findings of Urine in Selected Disease States. Physical Findings Chemical Finding Microscopic Observation Disease State Colored brown Turbidity Specific gravity Protein + Blood + WBC, RBC Hyaline or Granular or Cellular casts Acute Glomerulonephritis Urine volume Turbidity Odor pH Protein + Blood + Nitrite + - RBC, WBC - Cellular casts, - Bacteria Acute tubular Necrosis Or lower Nephrosis Specific gravity Urine volume Specific gravity Protein Blood Protein + Blood + Colorless Hexagonal Plate crystals Cystinosis Specific gravity Odor- sweet Protein Glucose Ketone Color darker Glucose + Ketone + Blood + Bilirubin + Urobilinogen+ Yeasts Some times Present Pigment laden Prussian blue Casts Diabetes Mellitus Hemochromatosis Turbidity Portion + Blood + Specific gravity Protein + Blood + Casts Oval fat Bodies Sickled RBC Turbidity Protein + RBC, WBC Casts Nephrotic Syndrome SickleCell syndrome Systemic lupus Erythematosus
122 III. Table 4: Correct and Incorrect Approach in Urine Testing Correct Approach Use fresh urine Make quality control of reagents Incorrect Approach Delay in the testing of urine without preservation Using expired reagents Be aware of normal as well as Believing urine results have little abnormal results which are significant significance in the overall diagnostic picture of the patient Follow the directions carefully Being careless Accept only clear and proper Using any container. collection bottles Be familiar with interfering Not giving due attention to cross substances reaction and artifacts Mix Urine properly Not mixing well Record results accurately Not checking the results recorded during the training of new personnel Give proper training to New personnel always jumping into professionals urinalysis because it is the easiest to do and least significant
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LECTURE NOTES For Medical Laborator
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Preface i Books on Medical history
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Contents iii Preface Aknowledgement
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v List of Table Table 1 Methods of
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Abbreviations vii ADH : Antidiureti
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ix This lecture note is prepared fo
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Components of the renal system are
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4 collecting tubule. A number of th
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- Electrolytes - Cast parasites and
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Exercise 1. 8 Answer the Following
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10 plastic tube with a plastic snap
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12 24- Hour specimen - a specimen o
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• Distruction of glucose by bacte
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16 2.3 Type of Examination in Routi
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18 CHAPTER THREE Physical Examinati
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• Myxedema • Some type of tubul
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metabolic conditions, the color and
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- By letting it to stand for more t
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• Degree of cloudiness of the uri
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- Look for color change of red litm
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tubules of the nephron, depending o
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Specimen: It should be the first ur
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gravity is elevated because of the
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36 Exercises Say True or False 1. U
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38 constituents of urine. 4.1 Deter
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40 Causes of Glycosuria • Physiol
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specimen and the results are graded
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unnecessary.The reaction for clinit
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46 The overall reaction is : Glucos
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2. Dip part of the tape into the ur
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metabolism or absorption, the body
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4. If acetone or acetoacetate is pr
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immediately. For this reason, Gerha
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contains only traces of protein, in
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It requires large volumes ( 0.5 to
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due to urates, uric acid urea and b
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62 Preparation of Acetic Acid Reage
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urine contains more than 100mg/dl p
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cell disease (hepatocellular diseas
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68 1. Icotest Tablet Test The Ictot
Page 81 and 82: characteristic color with the other
Page 83 and 84: 72 Sensitivity Urobilistix detects
Page 85 and 86: Hemoglobinuria may occur with sever
Page 87 and 88: Since all these tests are based on
Page 89 and 90: peroxidase activity) catalyzes the
Page 91 and 92: 80 4.9 Determination of Nitrite Int
Page 93 and 94: The pink color is therefore related
Page 95 and 96: - Pancreatic insufficiency. - Intes
Page 97 and 98: 86 A. Ferric Chloride Test Principl
Page 99 and 100: 88 CHAPTER FIVE Microscopic Examina
Page 101 and 102: • If it is difficult to deliver w
Page 103 and 104: 92 5.3 Urinary Sediments Classifica
Page 105 and 106: Red blood cells are some what round
Page 107 and 108: EPITHELIAL CELLS • Normally few e
Page 109 and 110: 98 CASTS • Formed by precipitatio
Page 111 and 112: 100 c. Waxy Casts (Renal Failure Ca
Page 113 and 114: 102 • Always the condenser should
Page 115 and 116: 104 • Large, measuring 275-399 x
Page 117 and 118: 106 Report of the Result The bacter
Page 119 and 120: 108 Some drug crystals in the urine
Page 121 and 122: 110 - Have various tiny squarish, b
Page 123 and 124: 112 - Size is about 20 μm. - Often
Page 125 and 126: 114 They can be confirmed by logos
Page 127 and 128: 116 Nucleus Cytoplasm Squameous epi
Page 129 and 130: 118 Reagent No.5 Bleach for Preserv
Page 131: 120 Reagent No.16 Saturated Sodium
Page 135 and 136: 124 Glomeurlar Filtration Rate: The
Page 137 and 138: 126 Urinometer: A small glass instr
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Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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