Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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115 The following stains are commonly used: 1. A crystal violet safranin stain (sternheimer and malbin) is useful in the identification of cellular elements. It is commercially available as sedistain. Preparation of Reagents Solution (1) Solution (2) Crystal violet ---------------------------- 3g Ethanol (95%)--------------------------- 20 ml Ammonium Oxalate-------------------- 0.8 g Distilled water ------------------------- 80 ml Safranin ----------------------------------1 g Ethanol (95%)---------------------------40 ml Distilled water--------------------------- 400 ml The mixture should be filtered every 2 weeks! - Discard after 3 months - Separately, solution (1) and solution (2) keep indefinitely at room temperature. In highly alkaline urine, the stains will precipitate. Procedure Add 1 or 2 drops of crystal violet safranin stain to approximately 1 ml of concentrated urine sediment. Mix and place a drop of this suspension on a slide and cover with cover slide. Staining reaction to crystal – violet safranin stain: RBC – Purple to dark purple. WBC – Cytoplasm -violet to blue. Nucleus – reddish purple. Glitter cells – blue.
116 Nucleus Cytoplasm Squameous epithelial purple pink to violet Uroepithelial dark blue blue Renal tubular cells dark purple orange purple 2. Methyl blue (Loeffler's stain) 3. Cyto Diachrome stains When such stains are used, it is recommended that both the stained and unstained sediment be mounted and observed, as the stain may cause precipitation of some constituents. This is especially the problem with alkaline urine specimens, because the precipitated materials may obscure important pathological constituents. Exercise: Say True or False 1. The number of casts preserved decrease as the pH of the urine decreases. 2. Presence of RBCs in the urine is always indicative of a renal disease. 3. Waxy casts are the end stage in the degeneration of cellular casts. 4. Pyuria refers to elevated numbers of leucocytes in the urine. 5. The presence of Bacteria in the Urine is determined using only Microscope.
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LECTURE NOTES For Medical Laborator
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Preface i Books on Medical history
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Contents iii Preface Aknowledgement
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v List of Table Table 1 Methods of
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Abbreviations vii ADH : Antidiureti
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ix This lecture note is prepared fo
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Components of the renal system are
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4 collecting tubule. A number of th
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- Electrolytes - Cast parasites and
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Exercise 1. 8 Answer the Following
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10 plastic tube with a plastic snap
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12 24- Hour specimen - a specimen o
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• Distruction of glucose by bacte
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16 2.3 Type of Examination in Routi
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18 CHAPTER THREE Physical Examinati
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• Myxedema • Some type of tubul
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metabolic conditions, the color and
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- By letting it to stand for more t
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• Degree of cloudiness of the uri
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- Look for color change of red litm
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tubules of the nephron, depending o
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Specimen: It should be the first ur
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gravity is elevated because of the
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36 Exercises Say True or False 1. U
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38 constituents of urine. 4.1 Deter
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40 Causes of Glycosuria • Physiol
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specimen and the results are graded
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unnecessary.The reaction for clinit
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46 The overall reaction is : Glucos
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2. Dip part of the tape into the ur
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metabolism or absorption, the body
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4. If acetone or acetoacetate is pr
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immediately. For this reason, Gerha
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contains only traces of protein, in
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It requires large volumes ( 0.5 to
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due to urates, uric acid urea and b
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62 Preparation of Acetic Acid Reage
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Page 77 and 78: cell disease (hepatocellular diseas
Page 79 and 80: 68 1. Icotest Tablet Test The Ictot
Page 81 and 82: characteristic color with the other
Page 83 and 84: 72 Sensitivity Urobilistix detects
Page 85 and 86: Hemoglobinuria may occur with sever
Page 87 and 88: Since all these tests are based on
Page 89 and 90: peroxidase activity) catalyzes the
Page 91 and 92: 80 4.9 Determination of Nitrite Int
Page 93 and 94: The pink color is therefore related
Page 95 and 96: - Pancreatic insufficiency. - Intes
Page 97 and 98: 86 A. Ferric Chloride Test Principl
Page 99 and 100: 88 CHAPTER FIVE Microscopic Examina
Page 101 and 102: • If it is difficult to deliver w
Page 103 and 104: 92 5.3 Urinary Sediments Classifica
Page 105 and 106: Red blood cells are some what round
Page 107 and 108: EPITHELIAL CELLS • Normally few e
Page 109 and 110: 98 CASTS • Formed by precipitatio
Page 111 and 112: 100 c. Waxy Casts (Renal Failure Ca
Page 113 and 114: 102 • Always the condenser should
Page 115 and 116: 104 • Large, measuring 275-399 x
Page 117 and 118: 106 Report of the Result The bacter
Page 119 and 120: 108 Some drug crystals in the urine
Page 121 and 122: 110 - Have various tiny squarish, b
Page 123 and 124: 112 - Size is about 20 μm. - Often
Page 125: 114 They can be confirmed by logos
Page 129 and 130: 118 Reagent No.5 Bleach for Preserv
Page 131 and 132: 120 Reagent No.16 Saturated Sodium
Page 133 and 134: 122 III. Table 4: Correct and Incor
Page 135 and 136: 124 Glomeurlar Filtration Rate: The
Page 137 and 138: 126 Urinometer: A small glass instr
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Urinalysis - The Carter Center

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