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Feeding your child ‘It’s difficult to give them healthy food because of the money. But some of the stuff that’s not healthy costs most of all – like sweets. And there are things you can do – like beans and lentils and things are cheap and you can store them. And I slice up fruit and share it between the kids and it goes further.’ ‘I do feel, you know, I wish she’d eat that. But I’m resigned to it. Because even getting her to try things is hard. So I just serve up the same old things, and it’s a fairly good mix, so why worry? I mean, she does eat different sorts of food. She eats baked beans, she loves bread, she’ll drink milk. Potatoes and cheese always go down OK. She has orange juice and apples, bananas sometimes. There’s nothing wrong with that.’ 78 SOME IDEAS TO TRY • Top pizza with favourite vegetables or canned pineapple. • Give carrot sticks, slices of pepper and peeled apple for snacks. • Mix chopped or mashed vegetables with rice, mashed potatoes, meat sauces or dahl. • Mix fruit, whether fresh, canned or stewed, with yogurt or fromage frais for a tasty dessert. • Chop prunes or dried apricots into cereal or yogurt, or add to a stew. (apricots, mango, peaches). These contain beta-carotene, the plant form of vitamin A. Also try to include some citrus fruits (satsumas, oranges) and some salad (peppers, tomatoes) for vitamin C which helps the absorption of iron from other foods (see page 80). Many children don’t eat enough fruit and vegetables and it can be hard work persuading them to even eat a mouthful. If they are picky, then gradually introduce new varieties on picnics, at granny’s or with other familiar food. Obviously, there will always be something they don’t like! Use some of the ideas in the box to help you. Offer fruit and vegetables at each meal Many children don’t like cooked vegetables but will nibble on them while you’re preparing the meal. Be imaginative about serving vegetables, perhaps mashing different types together or arranging them attractively on the plate. If your child refuses to eat vegetables, keep offering them but also offer more fruit. Make sure you show that you like eating them. Don’t make a big fuss if they refuse. Give vitamin drops as a safeguard (see Vitamins, page 74). Meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein Protein and iron are needed by young children to grow and develop. Meat, fish, eggs, nuts, pulses (beans, lentils and peas) and foods made from pulses (tofu, hummus, soya mince, etc.) are excellent sources of protein and iron, so give at least one portion from this group each day. Meat and fish also contain zinc, which is important for healing wounds and making many of the body’s processes function properly. Zinc can be in short supply in toddlers’ diets. If you are bringing up your child on a diet without meat (vegetarian) or without any food from an animal (vegan), two portions of vegetable proteins or nuts daily will ensure enough protein. Whole nuts should not be given to children under five years of age as there is a risk of choking. Grind nuts finely or use a smooth nut butter (see page 69 for important information about peanut allergy).
Feeding your child Types of vegetarian diets There are different types of vegetarians. Vegans eat no foods which come from animals. Lactovegetarians eat milk and milk products, and lacto-ovo-vegetarians eat milk, milk products and eggs. If your child has a vegetarian or vegan diet, take care to provide enough energy, protein, iron, calcium, vitamin B12 and vitamin D. The principles of weaning for the first six months are the same for vegetarian babies as for non-vegetarians. However, as your child gets older, the iron and energy content of such a diet may be low and the fibre content high (see Getting enough iron, page 80, fibre, page 77). To ensure all your child’s nutritional needs are met, smaller and more frequent main meals, with one or two snacks in between, are best. Vitamin drops are especially important up to five years of age. Vegan diets Breastfeeding vegan mothers must take vitamin D and vitamin B12 supplements to make sure there is enough in their breastmilk. A vegan GETTING ENOUGH IRON IS YOUR CHILD A VEGETARIAN? diet may be very bulky, consisting mainly of fruits, vegetables and beans. Young children may have difficulty in eating enough food to provide the energy and nutrients they need for growth and so may become malnourished. Vegan diets are not therefore recommended for young babies. If your child does have a vegan diet, you need to take extra care to ensure he or she has enough of the following nutrients and enough energy. It is also advisable to consult a dietitian or doctor before starting weaning. • Energy – starchy foods. These need to be eaten in moderation. For extra energy, add vegetable oils or vegetarian fat spreads to foods. Smooth nut or seed butters can also be used, but you will have to avoid some of these products (e.g. peanut butter, tahini paste,* etc.) if there is a risk of your child being allergic to them (see Food allergies, page 83 and * below). • Protein – pulses, foods made from pulses, Quorn, but continue with soya-based infant formula until your child is two years of age to ensure she or he has enough protein. • Iron – see Getting enough iron, page 80. • Calcium – soya mince, soya drink that has been fortified with calcium, tahini paste,* tofu and tempeh. • Vitamin B12 – fortified breakfast cereals, some yeast extracts. A supplement of B12 may be needed. • Vitamin D – see page 74. For more information on vegetarian diets, contact: The Vegetarian Society, Parkdale, Dunham Road, Altrincham, Cheshire WA14 4QG, Tel: 0161 925 2000. * Tahini paste is made from sesame seeds, and these may cause an allergic reaction in a small number of children. 79
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Birth five to This book gives you a
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Birth five to Your complete guide t
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1 The first weeks There’s somethi
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The first weeks SCREENING AT A GLAN
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The first weeks B REASTFEEDING Brea
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The first weeks 2 Be patient… Sta
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The first weeks Allow your baby to
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The first weeks USING BREAST PUMPS
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The first weeks STERILISING All the
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The first weeks Follow the manufact
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The first weeks S LEEPING Some babi
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The first weeks room is too hot.
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The first weeks If you’re finding
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The first weeks NAPPY RASH Most bab
Page 29 and 30: The first weeks WASHING AND BATHING
Page 31 and 32: The first weeks T WINS ( OR MORE) P
Page 33 and 34: YEARS MONTHS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2
Page 35 and 36: How your child will grow • Walk o
Page 37 and 38: How your child will grow BRUSHING Y
Page 39 and 40: How your child will grow HEIGHT AND
Page 41 and 42: How your child will grow You should
Page 43 and 44: 3 Learning and playing What we call
Page 45 and 46: Learning and playing I DEAS FOR PLA
Page 47 and 48: Learning and playing H OW TO MAKE S
Page 49 and 50: Learning and playing TRANSITION FRO
Page 51 and 52: Learning and playing MAKING CHILDCA
Page 53 and 54: 4 Habits and behaviour There are so
Page 55 and 56: Habits and behaviour PROBLEMS WITH
Page 57 and 58: Habits and behaviour • By twelve
Page 59 and 60: Habits and behaviour A NEW BABY IN
Page 61 and 62: Habits and behaviour • Sometimes
Page 63 and 64: Habits and behaviour time he or she
Page 65 and 66: Habits and behaviour out to buy one
Page 67 and 68: 5 Feeding your child Food is one of
Page 69 and 70: Feeding your child - push the bowl
Page 71 and 72: Feeding your child ALLERGIES Babies
Page 73 and 74: sensible for adults, but not for ba
Page 75 and 76: Feeding your child • Squashes, fi
Page 77 and 78: Feeding your child FAMILY F OOD For
Page 79: Feeding your child ‘When you go s
Page 83 and 84: Feeding your child • Fruit and ve
Page 85 and 86: Feeding your child F OOD SAFETY You
Page 87 and 88: Feeding your child • If your chil
Page 89 and 90: 6 Illness and accidents Every child
Page 91 and 92: Illness and accidents ● ● out-o
Page 93 and 94: Illness and accidents smoking or en
Page 95 and 96: Illness and accidents D IARRHOEA YO
Page 97 and 98: Illness and accidents ● ● ●
Page 99 and 100: Illness and accidents Alternative t
Page 101 and 102: Illness and accidents After these m
Page 103 and 104: Illness and accidents ILLNESS INFEC
Page 105 and 106: Illness and accidents practice nurs
Page 107 and 108: Illness and accidents swelling wher
Page 109 and 110: ecome a carrier and develop serious
Page 111 and 112: Illness and accidents ❑ ❑ ❑
Page 113 and 114: Illness and accidents ● ● ●
Page 115 and 116: Illness and accidents IF YOUR CHILD
Page 117 and 118: Illness and accidents at the knee a
Page 119 and 120: Illness and accidents THINGS STUCK
Page 121 and 122: Illness and accidents W HEN A CHILD
Page 123 and 124: Your own life P HYSICAL PROBLEMS A
Page 125 and 126: Your own life visitor about other l
Page 127 and 128: Your own life Stress also comes fro
Page 129 and 130: Your own life • Share the housewo
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Your own life • Suggest a regular
Page 133 and 134:
8 Your services There is a wide ran
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Your services H OW TO CHANGE YOUR G
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make. The money cannot be taken out
Page 139 and 140:
Your rights and benefits of childca
Page 141 and 142:
Your rights and benefits child’s
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Your rights and benefits Anything e
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Your rights and benefits Who gets t
Page 147 and 148:
Your rights and benefits HOUSING BE
Page 149 and 150:
USEFUL ORGANISATIONS Some of these
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Council for Disabled Children 8 Wak
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INDEX A accidents 108-18 additives
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