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Feeding your child SOME MEALS TO TRY Tasty snacks • Canned mashed sardines on fingers of toast • Filled pitta pockets with canned salmon and salad • Scrambled egg on toast with tomato slices More substantial meals • Beans, lentils and peas make delicious soups or stews • Grilled sausages with baked beans (reduced salt and sugar) and mashed potato • Lean mince for spaghetti bolognese served with vegetables • Chick pea curry with vegetables and chapatti • Grilled fish fingers with potatoes and peas • Stir-fried chicken and vegetables with rice • Ham with baked potatoes and broccoli • Fish curry with vegetables and rice Iron is essential for your child’s health. Lack of iron leads to anaemia, which can hold back your child’s physical and mental development. Iron comes in two forms. One is found in foods from animal sources (especially meat), which is easily absorbed by the body. The other is found in plant foods, which is not quite so easy for the body to absorb. If you can, try to give your child a portion of meat or fish every day. Even a small portion of meat or fish is useful because it also helps the body to absorb iron from other food sources. If your child doesn’t have meat or fish, make sure that he or she regularly eats plenty of iron-rich alternatives (choose from the list below). It’s also a good idea to give foods or drinks that are high in vitamin C at mealtimes, as it helps the absorption of iron from non-meat sources. Tea and coffee reduce iron absorption, so don’t serve these, especially at mealtimes. Foods and drinks high in fat and/or sugar Fat Young children, especially the under twos, need the concentrated energy provided by fat in their diet. That is why it is important to give such foods as whole milk, full fat yoghurt and cheese. Between the ages of two and five you can gradually introduce lower-fat dairy products and cut down on fat in other foods so that by the time children are five they are eating a healthy low-fat diet like that recommended for adults. Make sure you don’t introduce too many high-fat fast foods, e.g. burgers. Crisps, biscuits and cakes are also high in fat and sugar and they’re popular with children and adults alike, but they should be limited at all ages to keep your family healthy. Consider these sorts of foods as ‘extras’ once your child has eaten well from the four other main groups. Sugar Most young children enjoy sweet foods, such as biscuits, cakes, sweets, chocolates and sweet drinks. A small amount of sugar in foods at mealtimes is OK, but when teeth are in frequent contact with sugary foods and drinks, they will decay. You can reduce the amount of sugar you give by trying the following. • Reduce the number of foods and drinks you give which taste sweet, whether from sugar or artificial sweeteners as they encourage a sweet tooth. • Try not to give sweet foods and drinks to your child every day. Keep them for mealtimes and don’t use them as a reward. GOOD SOURCES OF IRON Plant sources Animal Fortified breakfast cereals Dark-green vegetables Breads Beans and lentils • Tofu Dried fruit: apricots, figs, prunes sources Lean beef, lamb or pork Liver pâté, liver or kidney Chicken or turkey • Canned sardines, pilchards, mackerel or tuna 80
Feeding your child • Fruit and vegetables contain sugar, but in a form that doesn’t damage teeth. However, the sugar in dried fruit and fruit juice can cause decay if consumed frequently. • Encourage your children to choose breakfast cereals that aren’t sugar-coated. • If you flavour milk with milkshake flavourings, only offer it at mealtimes. • Beware of other forms of sugars on labels – sucrose, glucose, honey, dextrose, maltose syrup, or concentrated fruit juice. • Diet forms of desserts may not contain these sugars, but they are too low in fat for a young child, so are not suitable. • Do not add sugar to milk. • Jaggery can cause the same damage to teeth as sugar. Limit foods containing this, like Indian sweetmeats. • Many foods and drinks contain artificial sweetners. Care should be taken to insure that your child does not get more of these than is recommended (see note on page 73). Salt There is no need to add salt (sodium chloride) to your child’s food because there is enough naturally present in foods. Too much salt can lead to a liking for salty foods and contribute towards high blood pressure in later life. The whole family will benefit if you gradually reduce the amount of salt in your cooking. Keep salt off the table and limit the amount of salty foods (crisps, savoury snacks, bombay mix, bacon, ham and other salted meats) your child has. Avoid salt substitutes as these are just as harmful. CUTLERY, CHOPSTICKS OR FINGERS? Be prepared for messy mealtimes with children. It will take time for your child to learn how to behave when eating. You and the rest of the family will set an example, so try to eat and enjoy your food together. Some families prefer to eat with their fingers, while others use chopsticks or cutlery. Whatever tool is preferred, be patient. Your child will need time to get used to them. By about one year of age, babies should be trying to feed themselves. Some babies are very independent and want no help, even if most of the food does not reach their mouths. Others prefer help, but are happy to fiddle with a spoon whilst being fed. Whichever the case, encourage your child to feed him or herself, either with a spoon or by offering suitable finger foods. HOW MUCH FOOD DO TODDLERS NEED? Children’s appetites vary enormously, so common sense is a good guide on how big a portion should be. Be guided by your children – do not force them to eat when they no longer wish to, but do not refuse to give more if they are hungry. As long as your child eats a range of foods, and your health visitor is happy with his or her progress, try not to be concerned about the amount your child eats. ‘A lot of it is habit. I mean, if your children have never had sugar on their cereal in the morning, then they don’t expect it. But then you mustn’t have it either. The thing is that I like sweet things myself. In fact, at the moment, the more tired I get the more I want to eat biscuits and that sort of thing. But if I eat them, the children eat them. The only answer is not to buy them in the first place.’ ‘Everybody knows that sweets aren’t good. But they love them. And the fact is, it’s a pleasure to treat them.’ Babies up to six months old should have less than 1g of salt a day. For children aged one to three, the maximum amount is 2g of salt a day, and for children aged four to six, the maximum is 3g of salt a day. Find out more about salt, its effects on health, daily limits and how to cut down at www.salt.gov.uk FINGER FOODS FOR SNACKS OR WITH MEALS • slices • Bananas or peeled apple Chapatti or pitta bread fingers • Breadsticks • Wholemeal toast fingers with cheese spread Cooked pasta twirls • Cooked vegetables, e.g. carrot or green beans • Raw vegetables, e.g. cucumber Cubes of cheese • Thin-cut sandwiches cut into small pieces 81
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Birth five to This book gives you a
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Birth five to Your complete guide t
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1 The first weeks There’s somethi
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The first weeks SCREENING AT A GLAN
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The first weeks B REASTFEEDING Brea
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The first weeks 2 Be patient… Sta
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The first weeks Allow your baby to
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The first weeks USING BREAST PUMPS
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The first weeks STERILISING All the
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The first weeks Follow the manufact
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The first weeks S LEEPING Some babi
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The first weeks room is too hot.
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The first weeks If you’re finding
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The first weeks NAPPY RASH Most bab
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The first weeks WASHING AND BATHING
Page 31 and 32: The first weeks T WINS ( OR MORE) P
Page 33 and 34: YEARS MONTHS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2
Page 35 and 36: How your child will grow • Walk o
Page 37 and 38: How your child will grow BRUSHING Y
Page 39 and 40: How your child will grow HEIGHT AND
Page 41 and 42: How your child will grow You should
Page 43 and 44: 3 Learning and playing What we call
Page 45 and 46: Learning and playing I DEAS FOR PLA
Page 47 and 48: Learning and playing H OW TO MAKE S
Page 49 and 50: Learning and playing TRANSITION FRO
Page 51 and 52: Learning and playing MAKING CHILDCA
Page 53 and 54: 4 Habits and behaviour There are so
Page 55 and 56: Habits and behaviour PROBLEMS WITH
Page 57 and 58: Habits and behaviour • By twelve
Page 59 and 60: Habits and behaviour A NEW BABY IN
Page 61 and 62: Habits and behaviour • Sometimes
Page 63 and 64: Habits and behaviour time he or she
Page 65 and 66: Habits and behaviour out to buy one
Page 67 and 68: 5 Feeding your child Food is one of
Page 69 and 70: Feeding your child - push the bowl
Page 71 and 72: Feeding your child ALLERGIES Babies
Page 73 and 74: sensible for adults, but not for ba
Page 75 and 76: Feeding your child • Squashes, fi
Page 77 and 78: Feeding your child FAMILY F OOD For
Page 79 and 80: Feeding your child ‘When you go s
Page 81: Feeding your child Types of vegetar
Page 85 and 86: Feeding your child F OOD SAFETY You
Page 87 and 88: Feeding your child • If your chil
Page 89 and 90: 6 Illness and accidents Every child
Page 91 and 92: Illness and accidents ● ● out-o
Page 93 and 94: Illness and accidents smoking or en
Page 95 and 96: Illness and accidents D IARRHOEA YO
Page 97 and 98: Illness and accidents ● ● ●
Page 99 and 100: Illness and accidents Alternative t
Page 101 and 102: Illness and accidents After these m
Page 103 and 104: Illness and accidents ILLNESS INFEC
Page 105 and 106: Illness and accidents practice nurs
Page 107 and 108: Illness and accidents swelling wher
Page 109 and 110: ecome a carrier and develop serious
Page 111 and 112: Illness and accidents ❑ ❑ ❑
Page 113 and 114: Illness and accidents ● ● ●
Page 115 and 116: Illness and accidents IF YOUR CHILD
Page 117 and 118: Illness and accidents at the knee a
Page 119 and 120: Illness and accidents THINGS STUCK
Page 121 and 122: Illness and accidents W HEN A CHILD
Page 123 and 124: Your own life P HYSICAL PROBLEMS A
Page 125 and 126: Your own life visitor about other l
Page 127 and 128: Your own life Stress also comes fro
Page 129 and 130: Your own life • Share the housewo
Page 131 and 132: Your own life • Suggest a regular
Page 133 and 134:
8 Your services There is a wide ran
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Your services H OW TO CHANGE YOUR G
Page 137 and 138:
make. The money cannot be taken out
Page 139 and 140:
Your rights and benefits of childca
Page 141 and 142:
Your rights and benefits child’s
Page 143 and 144:
Your rights and benefits Anything e
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Your rights and benefits Who gets t
Page 147 and 148:
Your rights and benefits HOUSING BE
Page 149 and 150:
USEFUL ORGANISATIONS Some of these
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Council for Disabled Children 8 Wak
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INDEX A accidents 108-18 additives
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