RRFM 2009 Transactions - European Nuclear Society

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4. Discussion The main contribution of this study, in our point of view, is the underlining of two main types of ILs in the U-Mo/Al-Si interaction system, depending on the Si content in the Al and annealing conditions. Assuming that the reaction product growth occurs at the U-Mo/reaction layer interface, as proposed by Mazaudier et al [11], the oldest part (that formed fistly) of the ILs is that located close to the Al side of the couple. In both types of ILs, it is constituted by U(Al,Si) 3 + UMo 2 Al 20 (with a more or less important Si enrichment of the U(Al,Si) 3 phase. This tends to show that, at the beginning of the interaction, in all the studied cases, enough Si is present close to the reactional interface for leading to the U(Al,Si) 3 + UMo 2 Al 20 phases formation, instead of UAl 4 + UMo 2 Al 20 when no Si is present [11-12]. This result confirms that Si acts as an inhibitor of the UAl 4 formation, as shown first by Thurber et al [16] and confirmed later by many other authors. At this stage of the interaction process, Al and Si have to diffuse through this U(Al,Si) 3 + UMo 2 Al 20 layer in order to react with U-Mo. According to Savchenko et al [17], Si diffuses through U(Al,Si) 3 phase much faster than Al. Then, two cases have to be considered in our point of view : - case 1 : Si depletion in Al, in front of the IL, becomes too important for maintaining a sufficient diffusion flux of this specie, through the IL, and the interaction system becomes dominated by Al diffusion (i.e. identical to that observed in U-Mo/Al diffusion couples), - case 2 : despite of a progressive Si depletion in Al, a sufficient Si diffusion flux through the IL can be kept (at least during a certain time), leading to the formation of a silicide phase (U 3 Si 5 ) close to the U-Mo side. On this basis, the case 1 should logically lead to a type 1 IL and the case 2, to a type 2 IL. Complementary experiments including the characterization of couples obtained after different annealing durations could give interesting clues about these hypotheses. Remembering that, in U-Mo7/Al-Si5 couples ("threshold couples" in this study, according to SEM+EDS results), variations of the IL thickness seem to be linked to the Al grain size, it seems reasonable to assume that the local distribution of Si plays probably also a major role in these phenomena. Studying couples obtained with Al-Si alloys which are characterized by significantly different Si precipitates distributions (if its possible to maintain significant differences at the annealing temperature) could also give additional information about the mechanisms to be considered. Other very important parameters to be taken into account are obviously temperature and time because they influence directly the activation of diffusion processes and especially the diffusion kinetics of Al and Si in Al and in the IL (more especially in the UX 3 phase). To our knowledge, data concerning these kinetics are lacking. It would be very interesting to obtain such data and to use them for modelling the thermally activated U-Mo/Al-Si interaction process. To summarize, the occurrence of two types of ILs in U-Mo/Al-Si diffusion couples seem to be directly linked to (i) the Si precipitates distribution in the Al alloy, (ii) the diffusion conditions (temperature and time). That's the reason why the formation of one type of IL or the other cannot be simply associated to a Si threshold value. Discrepancies between the results obtained in this study and those of other authors (see for example [2-3, 18-19]) could be explained on this basis. 5. Conclusions A set of U-Mo7/Al-Si diffusion couples, with silicon content going from 2 wt% to 10 wt% were obtained by thermal annealing. These couples were systematically characterized by SEM+EDS and by µ-XRD. Thanks to these characterizations, we have shown that two main types of interaction layers (ILs) are evidenced, depending on the silicon content in the aluminium alloy, with a threshold value of about 5 wt% (in the conditions tested in this study). Below the threshold value, the ILs are three-layered, with : a first sub-layer, close to U-Mo, containing the UAl 3 + U 6 Mo 4 Al 43 phases, an intermediate one with the U(Al,Si) 3 phase and a third one, close to Al-Si, with the U(Al,Si) 3 + UMo 2 Al 20 phases. Above this threshold, the ILs 154 of 455
are mainly bi-layered, with an U(Al,Si) 3 + U 3 Si 5 sub-layer, close to U-Mo, and an U(Al,Si) 3 + UMo 2 Al 20 sub-layer, close to Al-Si. The occurrence of two types of ILs in U-Mo/Al-Si diffusion couples seem to be directly linked to (i) the Si precipitates distribution in the Al alloy, (ii) the diffusion conditions (temperature and time). That's the reason why the formation of one type of IL or the other cannot be simply associated to a Si threshold value. Acknowledgments : C. Jarousse and M. Grasse, from AREVA-CERCA (Romans, France) are gratefully acknowledged for supplying the U-Mo samples used in this study. J. Miragaya and L. Silvestre (CEA/Cadarache) are warmly thanked for diffusion couples preparation. REFERENCES [1]. A. Leenaers, S. Van den Berghe, E. Koonen, C. Jarousse, F. Huet, M. Trotabas, M. Boyard, S. Guillot, L. Sannen, M. Verwerft, J. Nucl. Mater. 335 (2004) 39. [2]. M. Mirandou, S. Arico, S. Balart, L. Gribaudo, A.M. Fortis, in : Proceedings of the 2007 RERTR International Meeting, Prague, Czech Republic, sept. 23-27, 2007 [3]. M. Mirandou, S. Arico, M. Rosenbusch, M. Ortiz, S. Balart, L. Gribaudo, J. Nucl. Mater. 384 (2009) 268. [4]. M. Cornen, M. Rodier, X. Iltis, S. Dubois, P. Lemoine, in : Proceedings of the 2008 RRFM ENS Meeting, Hamburg, Germany, march 2-5, 2008 [5]. M. Cornen, X. Iltis, F. Mazaudier, S. Dubois, P. Lemoine, in : Proceedings of the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, USA, nov. 27-29, 2007 [6]. D.D. Keiser, A.B. Robinson, D.E. Janney, J.F. Jue, in : Proceedings of the 2008 RRFM ENS Meeting, Hamburg, Germany, march 2-5, 2008 [7]. A. Leenaers, S. Van den Berghe, S.Dubois, J. Noirot, M. Ripert, P. Lemoine, in : Proceedings of the 2008 RRFM ENS Meeting, Hamburg, Germany, march 2-5, 2008 [8]. A. Leenaers, C. Detavernier, S. Van den Berghe, J. Nucl. Mater. 381 (2008) 242. [9]. J.M. Park, H.J. Ryu, S.J. Oh, D.B. Lee, C.K. Kim, Y.S. Kim, G.L. Hofman, J. Nucl. Mater. 374 (2008) 422. [10] J. Allenou, H. Palancher, X. Iltis et al, to be published. [11]. F. Mazaudier, C. Proye, F. Hodaj, J. Nucl. Mater. 377 (2008) 476. [12]. H. Palancher, Ph. Martin, V. Nassif, R. Tucoulou, O. Prous, J.L. Hazemann, O. Tougait, E. Lahéra, F. Mazaudier, C. Valot, S. Dubois, J. Appl. Cryst. 40 (2007) 1064. [13]. A.E. Dwight, ANL 82-14 report, September 1982. [14]. C. Komar Varela, M. Mirandou, S. Arico, S. Balart, L. Gribaudo, in : Proceedings of the 2007 RRFM ENS Meeting, Lyon, France, 11-15 march, 2007. [15]. P.E. Repas, R.H. Goodenow, R.F. Hehemann, Transactions of the ASM 57 (1964) 150. [16]. W.C. Thurber, R.J. Beaver, ORNL-2602 report, 1959. [17]. A. Savchenko, A. Vatulin, I. Dobrikova, Y. Konovalov, in : Proceedings of the 2006 RRFM ENS Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, 30 april – 3 may, 2006. [18]. H.J. Ryu, J.M. Park, C.K. Kim, Y.S. Kim, G.L. Hofman, Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 27 (2006) 651. [19]. H.J. Ryu, J.M. Park, C.K. Kim, Y.S. Kim, in : Proceedings of the 2008 RERTR International Meeting, Washington D.C., USA, oct. 5-9, 2008. 155 of 455
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© 2009 European Nuclear Society Ru
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RESEARCH REACTOR COALITIONS - SECON
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- Eastern European Research Reactor
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ut a comprehensive alignment of tec
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EERRI will be launched. As noted ab
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Nuclear material in the form of hig
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The GTRI domestic radiological mate
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2. State of the art For fuel plate
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It is known since the early days of
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End of 2008 first DU-8wt.%Mo (deple
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References [1] D. AB. Robinson et a
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• CNEA have been working in the f
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O 75 Bignan.doc - DI - 1 / 10 20/02
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THE EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH REACTOR
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namely Jozef Stefan Institute TRIGA
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Information and organizational issu
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Action Item Table 3. Description (t
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Table 6. Materials/fuel test experi
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In a recent development, it should
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1. Introduction: a renewed context
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interaction, close retention of fis
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3.3 Reference concept and alternati
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changes can be caused by void swell
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For its manufacturing, an additiona
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minor actinides (MA) considered as
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In France, the decision to build a
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eactors (HFR, OSIRIS and then JHR)
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DECOMMISSIONING PROGRESS OF THE DOU
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SECURITY OF SUPPLY FOR FISSION MEDI
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But the worst crisis developed by e
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IRE and COVIDEN are following close
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Fig 1. Design of the core and refle
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Table 3: Set of detailed fuel funct
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For the thermal-mechanical analysis
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Behaviour under conditions represen
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6. References [1] - MC. Anselmet, G
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2. Advanced nuclear fuel cycles The
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3.3 India In addition to the ration
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Session II Fuel Development 90 of 4
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1. Introduction Since 1957, date of
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A 3.1. Place a boron insert in a hi
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Finally, a new tool was defined and
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the end user (CEA), to define the f
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Previous papers discussed character
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
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Page 116 and 117: Weight fractions (%) U(α) UO 2 γU
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Page 168 and 169: Fig.1. The transfer hall (left in c
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ROLE OF RELAP/SCDAPSIM IN RESEARCH
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SEVERE REACTIVITY INJECTION ACCIDEN
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expansion and steam formation were
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3 Conclusion Since a few years, IRS
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analysis procedure (ENAA) except vi
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References Briesmeister, J.F., 2000
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Fig. 1 A geometric diagram of NIRR-
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Fuel plate temperatures during oper
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the primary circuit in the central
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Fig. 3: Surface temperature over th
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[4] “Test Irradiations of Full Si
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The core is made of 1488 stainless
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4. Commissioning the facility for t
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ESTABLISHMENT OF A SINGLE-CRYSTAL F
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were provided to MU and INL for thi
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concrete covered with sheets of 1.2
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USE OF FISSION RADIATION IN LIFE SC
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Fig. 3. Scan of an etch track film
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Summary The unique fission neutron
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2. Methods 2.1 Reactor produced rad
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3.2 Viability studies The results o
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DESIGN OF A FLOWING-NAK EXPERIMENTA
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4. Containment rig and sample-holde
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7. Electrical heater The external h
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Page 1 / 7 EVITA: a semi-open loop
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Page 3 / 7 Fig.1: EVITA fuel Genera
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Page 5 / 7 Challenges When operatin
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Page 7 / 7 References: [1] M.C. Ans
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Nuclear Research Institutes, and so
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According to the latest IAEA inform
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18. May Training of operating perso
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2.1 Irradiation Facilities Brief te
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3.1 Detection limits Although it is
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PARTIAL DISMANTLING OF RESEARCH REA
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• Core - liable to full scale rep
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• Necessary individual dosimetry
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SILICON DOPING AT FRM II H. GERSTEN
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The resulting neutron flux density
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4. References [1] Wagner F.M., Knes
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The choice of fuel base and solutio
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3.3 Increasing power beyond current
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A COATING TO PROTECT SPENT ALUMINIU
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The treatment consisted of simple i
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5. Conclusions 1. Immersion of AA 1
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KEEPING AGING RESEARCH REACTORS IN
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inspected in presence of an expert
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After the inspection was finished,
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1 A STRATEGY FOR MANAGING AGEING CO
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3 2. With the aluminium-clad HEU fu
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5 The pool and the support structur
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Fig.2. Reflector element of JRR-4.
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Dimensional change (%) 0.6 0.5 0.4
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SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR CORE MANA
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3 3. Core operation and monitoring
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5 temperature, etc.). Effective sec
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1436 keV, Cs 138 1369 keV, Na 24 2.
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compared with that of the delayed n
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AD-HOC AND PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE
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Page 3 of 7 3. SAFARI-1OPERATIONAL
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Page 5 of 7 programs for instrument
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Page 7 of 7 DATE DESCRIPTION DATE D
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MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MTR FUE
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In sample S3, similar zones could b
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increased temperature, the solid st
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Figure 8 BEI images covering Sample
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660 °C, but since in the former me
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support. Both Governments have eval
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• Removal of sludge from the SNF
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UPGRADED REACTOR SYSTEMS FOR ENHANC
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Parameter HEU LEU a 6.0x10 -5 (°K)
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From 1992 until 2005 the TRIGA-SSR
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Figure9 - Dependency between reacto
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URANIUM CONTAMINATION IN PRIMARY CI
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1.00E+06 1.00E+05 Volume activity (
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6. Acknowledgement This work was pe
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2. Steady State Thermal Hydraulic A
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in the scram, and the respective re
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CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINIUM ALL
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3.2. Pitting corrosion of 1050 and
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4. Discussions This study shown tha
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The Steady State core was fully con
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0.E+00 2.E+06 1.40E+07 2.E+06 1.20E
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF G
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0 2 4 6 8 10 120 1,2 100 1,0 80 70
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Element, Wt %, At %, K‐Ratio, Z,
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U/cc, but the target uranium densit
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Fig. 5 Macroscopic cutting view (x
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SELF-ASSESSMENT OF APPLICATION OF T
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2. The Code of Conduct on the Safet
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For emergency preparedness, conside
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inside of a compaction die by blowi
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Fig. 4. A compacted and sintered lu
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THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EVOLUTION OF
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etween CRPq specific process and IP
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aspect audits, mainly in relation t
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H F
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MCNP5 is capable of calculating ter
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Similar to the case of stainless st
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LEU FUEL DISPOSITION AT WWR-M REACT
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Tested fuel assembles are load in t
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The PNPI experience of tests with W
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CURRENT UTILIZATION AND LONG TERM S
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Uusimaa hospital district decided t
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FiR 1 has an important regional rol
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STUDYING OF INFLUENCE OF A NEUTRON
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Definition of crystal structure and
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Microhardness measurement shows, th
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THE SPENT FUEL STORAGE AT THE DALAT
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2. Interim storage of spent fuel On
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A rotating bridge crane of 3.6-ton
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In order to investigate the perform
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(a) (b) Fig. 2. (a) low and (b) hig
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Fig. 5. TEM
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Spot Al Si Mo U Zr G 90.6 7.8 0.6 0
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volume in the material, which affec
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THE STEREOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GAS PO
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of the crack of pillowing). It show
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One gets the impression that during
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switch from a fast to a thermal spe
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He production to fission ratio vs t
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INSPECTION EXPERIENCE WITH IEA-R1 S
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camera system, received from IAEA i
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core in the beginning 2007 (IEA-174
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