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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV Wavelength /nrn IO Figure 5. Spectral tristimulus values. The amounts of the red (rh), green (gh) and blue (bh) primaries needed by a normal observer to match each of the colours of the equal energy spectrum (CIE 1931). So far, we have seen that the quantities for the red, blue and green primaries can be obtained experimentally to match a test la,mp. Now we have the spectral tristimulus values, we can calculate the quantities of the matching primaries from the spectrum produced by the test lamp. We split the spectrum into small wavelength divisions. The spectral energy at each division Eh is multiplied by the corresponding tristimulus value at that wavelength; this product is summed, and normalized as shown in figure 6. We should get the same value, using this calculation, as would an observer experimentally matching the three lamps to get (Y), (g) and (b). THE CIE CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM These three variables for different sources may be represented on a three dimensional plot, but this is obviously inconvenient. To ensure that the results have practical interest, CIE made three adjustments. The first involved the luminance of the source. CIE defined new co-ordinates (X, Y and 2) where X = 2.7869 (Y) + 0.38159 (g) + 18.801 (b) Y= (Y) + (s) + (b 1 Z= 0.12307 (s) + 93.066 (b) We can now easily calculate X, Y and 2 from our measured values of (Y), (g) and (b). It wil be seen that, since the luminance of the source wil be the sum of the luminances of the three matching primaries, Y is the luminance of the source in the psycho-physical unit lumens. 198
Colour a, ; 0 E c \ L U Is) c - a, a, > 5 U 0 8 0 CO 0 In E J L U a, a ffl a, U J 0 ffl d 0 U 199
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I New trends in physics teaching Vo
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New trends in biology teaching Vol.
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Preface The worldwide exchange of i
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Contents Part I Energy: the Backgro
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Part I Energy: the Background and t
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV W
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV E
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV A
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I New Trends in Physics Teaching IV
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~ New Trends in Physics Teaching IV
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV T
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV d
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV F
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV o
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV c
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV t
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV a
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV M
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV s
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV L
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV *
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV 1
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV m
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV I
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV 8
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New Trends in Physics Teaching IV S
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Energy teaching in schools Introduc
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Japan The teaching of energy in Jap
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Japan not teach energy concept dire
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Japan Amount of heat generated rela
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Japan ing of basic concepts, fundam
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Japan The teaching in this area is
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Methodology Japan There are several
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7. Measuring the amount of solar en
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India The teaching of energy in Ind
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India It is difficult to visualize
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1979 Solar energy air A model of a
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India age group 6 to 11, classes I
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Qatar decision to include a study o
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Qatar 5. 6. 7. Coal and oil are the
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Qatar Grade 8: Theme: ‘The use an
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Qatar The grade 11 physics programm
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USSR electric oscillations ends wit
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Hungary with a wide range of natura
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Hungary between two bodies only. Bu
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Hungary follows that the field itse
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Hungary explore rigid bodies and me
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REFERENCES Hungary 1. HABER-SCHAIM,
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Italy This approach proved interest
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Italy ENERGY PROBLEM: TO-DAY'S ISSU
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Italy equivalent or t.0.e.) are def
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An obvious question arises: why did
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knowledge of electromagnetism to th
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Naturally not all the particles are
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Senegal Reflection on current trend
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Senegal heat is interpreted as the
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The planning and developing of an i
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Brazil Criteria for the assessment
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Brazil water and ice is a system wh
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Brazil (heat) would still be conser
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Brazil Consider a further instance.
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Brazil An isolated system is an abs
Page 151 and 152: United States LEVELS AND TACTICS En
Page 153 and 154: United States The private sector sp
Page 155 and 156: United States The progression shown
Page 157 and 158: Packet production United States PEE
Page 159 and 160: United States energy situation. The
Page 161 and 162: United States Energy has two powerf
Page 163 and 164: Introductory statistical physics In
Page 165 and 166: Introductory statistical physics dp
Page 167 and 168: Introductory statistical physics on
Page 169 and 170: Introductory statistical physics Co
Page 171 and 172: Use of the Einstein solid Introduct
Page 173 and 174: Introductory statistical physics Ex
Page 175 and 176: Introductory statistical physics fo
Page 177 and 178: Introductory statistical physics TA
Page 179 and 180: ~~ Exponential atmosphere Boltzmann
Page 181 and 182: Introductory st at ist ical physics
Page 183 and 184: Children’s ideas about light Chil
Page 185 and 186: Childrens’ ideas about light some
Page 187 and 188: Childrens’ ideas about light Figu
Page 189 and 190: Childrens’ ideas about light Figu
Page 191 and 192: Childrens’ ideas about light We w
Page 193 and 194: Childrens’ ideas about light conn
Page 195 and 196: Childrens’ ideas about light ‘l
Page 197 and 198: Colour Colour R.D. EDGE. Colour, li
Page 199 and 200: Colour of three primary colours nec
Page 201: Colour 400 500 600 700 Wavelength/
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Page 207 and 208: Colour Perceptually, if our environ
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Page 211 and 212: Colour Difference Colour The abilit
Page 213 and 214: Colour Also shown on the same figur
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Page 217 and 218: Colour I 120 Noon Summer Sunlight 5
Page 219 and 220: y move in the direc value of the wa
Page 221 and 222: Surface Reflection Colour The surfa
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Page 231 and 232: Optics regained Optics regained C.A
Page 233 and 234: Optics regained human beings since
Page 235 and 236: Optics regained of energy, or the s
Page 237 and 238: Optics regained Consider an ordinar
Page 239 and 240: Optics regained Consider any two po
Page 241 and 242: Optics regained Figure 5 is a much
Page 243 and 244: Optics regained Highly coherent lig
Page 245 and 246: Optics regained revealing individua
Page 247 and 248: Optics regained the brightest sourc
Page 249 and 250: Optics regained is not taken, and o
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Optics regained 4. HUYGENS, C. Trai
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A case study of science teacher edu
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Teacher education: a case study 2.
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Teacher education: a case study alr
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Teacher education: a case study mor
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Teacher education: a case study thr
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Teacher education: a case study Whe
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Teacher education: a case study The
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Teacher education: a case study CON
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Teacher education: a dilemma where
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Teacher education: a dilemma ELEMEN
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Teacher education: a dilemma if phy
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Teacher education: a dilemma emerge
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Teacher education: a dilemma These
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Teacher education: a dilemma 11. CO
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Teacher education: solar energy cou
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Teacher education: solar energy cou
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Teacher education: solar energy nee
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Teacher education: solar energy the
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Teacher education: solar energy A P
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Teacher education: solar energy A W
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Teacher education: solar energy Sol
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Micro-computers as laboratory instr
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Microcomputers in the laboratory an
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A solar cooker How to construct a s
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A solar cooker PREPARATION AND SUBS
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A solar cooker c. Fill the box in (
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A solar cooker Let the reflector fa
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String and tape experiments String
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~ ~ String and tape experiments It
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String and tape experiments Since g
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Dropping a string of marbles String
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String and tape experiments Tape ar
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String and tape experiments + marbl
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String and tape experiments A I Fig
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String and tape experiments In an o
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String and tape experiments Pulse-
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String and tape experiments We can
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String and tape experiments Now, co
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String and tape experiments So far,
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String and tape experiments Current
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String and tape experiments For a l
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String and tape experiments the oth
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String and tape experiments CONCLUS
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Introduction Although school curric
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Science in society array of bubblin
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Science in society ASE’s ‘Scien
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, HEALTH EDUCA
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I Physics in society Physics in soc
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Physics in society consequent long
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Physics in society furthermore, stu
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Physics in society TABLE 5. What di
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Physics in society APPENDIX Detaile
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Appropriate technology The visible
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Political Alternative Technology Ap
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Appropriate technoIogy Project work
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Contributors Albert A. BARTLETT, Un
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