Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 95 europaeum, Allium ursinum and Menyanthes trifoliata showed a slow growth rate and insufficient yield level. By producing raw material from controlled farming systems, we hope to decrease the economic pressure imposed on some threatened plant species and we also wish to provide additional income to the growers specialized in herb production. The results of plot experiments have to be checked in semi-large scale experimental conditions before educating the growers for production of these new medicinal plants. References and additional literature Asdal, A. 2001. Spice and medicinal plants in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Strategies for conservation of genetic resources. Nordic Gene Bank Project 2001-2005. Nordic Gene Bank, Alnarp, Sweden (see also www.ngb.se/Organization/news/spimed.php) Bernáth, J. 1988. Problems and results in preservation and exploitation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Herba Hungarica 27(2-3):17-29. Galambosi, B. 1993. Consideration and experiences regarding the cultivation of medicinal wildflowers in Finland. Aquilo Ser. Bot. 31:161-166. Galambosi, B. 1996. Production of aromatic and medicinal plants in Finland. Pp. 155-187 in Towards a model of technical and economic optimisation of specialist minor crops (N. Verlet and G. Leclercq, eds). Concerted Action AIR3-CT-94-2076. Final report II. Economic data base. Commission Européenne, Direction générale de l'Agriculture D.G. VI. Galambosi, B. 2000. Research and herb production in Finland 1984-2000. Drogenreport 13(24):57-62. Galambosi, B., N. Takkunen and M. Repcak. 2000. The effect of regular collection of Drosera rotundifolia in natural peatlands in Finland: plant density, yield and regeneration. Suo 51(2):37-46. Hälvä, S. 1988. Culinary herbs and spices of Finland. Pp. 1-23 in Herbs, spices and medicinal plants: recent advances in botany, horticulture, and pharmacology. Vol. 3 (L.E. Craker and J.E. Simon, eds). Oryx Press, Phoenix, Arizona. Lange, D. 1998. Europe's medicinal and aromatic plants; their use, trade and conservation. Traffic International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 77pp. Mäkinen, Y., P. Hakala, J. Vauras and R. Vauras. 1996. Kauppayrtit [Wild herbs]. Edita, Helsinki. 64pp. Peldan, K. 1967. Suomen farmasian historia. [History of Finnish pharmacy]. Suomen Farmaseuttinen Yhdistys, Helsinki. 758pp. Väre, F. and M. Siuruainen. 1994. Threatened plants and botanical gardens – a field of possibilities. Aquilo Ser. Bot. 33:173-178. Wahlin, B. and S. Blixt, editors. 1994. Nordiska Medicinalvaxter. Nordiska Genbanken - Skrifter nr 24 [Nordic Gene Bank – Publication no. 24]. Alnarp, Sweden. 100pp. Web site Finnish Ministry of Environment: http://www.environment.fi
96 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING The status of medicinal and aromatic plants in Poland Zenon Węglarz and Anna Geszprych Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw Agricultural University (SGGW), Poland Introduction Poland is an important producer of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) raw materials. About 200 MAP species are collected in larger or smaller amounts from natural sites, including 80 for commercial purposes. About 60 species are cultivated. The average annual harvest of raw materials from natural sites is estimated at 8000-10 000 t and more than half is exported. About 20 000 t of MAP raw materials originate from cultivation (Jambor 1999). Over 10 000 people in Poland are directly or indirectly involved in herb collecting, cultivation, processing and trading. The distribution of medicinal plants grown wild in Poland is irregular. Most of them, taking into consideration both the number of species and the area of natural sites, occur in the east of Poland. It is a special region representing the transitional area between continental and Atlantic climates. It is one of the ecologically cleanest parts of Poland, without heavy industry, large urban agglomerations or large agricultural farms. Wild-growing MAP species are endangered by two main factors: the first, not specific to MAPs, is connected with irreversible abiotic changes of the environment (e.g. lowering of ground water level, pollution of the environment and eutrophication of natural water reservoirs); the second is specific to MAPs, i.e. uncontrolled and excessive harvesting. Legal protection of MAPs The legal protection of MAPs in Poland is based both on: - international conventions ratified by Poland in 1995: Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Bern Convention 1982; Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro 1992; and - national regulations: Preservation of Nature Act (16.10.1991); Decree of the Minister of Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry on the protection of plant species (06.04.1995); Decree of The Minister of Environment Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry in consultation with the Minister of Health and Social Welfare and the Minister of Agriculture and Food Management, concerning the rules of harvesting of wild-growing medicinal plants or those important for pharmaceutical industry, as well as the management of the plantations of those plants (in preparation); and the Polish Red Book of Plants. The official control organizations involved in the preservation of MAPs in Poland are the National Conservatory of Nature (attached to the Ministry of Environment), Provincial Conservatories of Nature, and Nature Preservation League (inspectors). Other institutions are also interested in this issue such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Scientific Council for the Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources affiliated to the above Ministry, universities and research institutes. According to the law, 111 species of Polish flora are strictly protected, including 20 species of herbaceous medicinal plants (Lycopodium sp., Gypsophila paniculata, Cimicifuga europaea, Aconitum sp., Adonis vernalis, Nymphaea alba, Nuphar luteum, Drosera sp., Archangelica officinalis, Polemonium coeruleum, Echium rubrum, Atropa belladonna, Digitalis purpurea, Gentiana sp., Arnica montana, Veratrum sp., Colchicum autumnale, Leucoium vernum, Galanthus nivalis and Hierochloe odorata).
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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