Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 53 Table 1 (cont.). List of Hungarian conservation areas with potential importance for MAPs Name Type (1) Name Type (1) Melegmány völgy, Mánfa PA Szentgyörgyvölgy PR Nagycenk - Tilia pop. PA Szigetköz PR Nagyerdö, Debrecen - Quercus pop. PA Szöllôskert - forest PA Némethkér, Látó - hill PA Tállya, Patócs - hill PA Ócsa PR Tapolcafô - marshland PA Ohat - forest PA Tatársánc - grassland, Pusztaföldvár PA Ôrség PR Tátika - Fagus pop. PA Ôrtilos, Szent Mihály - hill PA Tihany ** PR Pannonhalma - arboretum PA Tiszadorogma, Göbe - forest PA Pilis PR Tiszaigar, arboretum PA Pitvaros - pastures PR Tiszavasvári, white-saline PA Pusztakócs - marshland PA Tokaj-Bodrogzug PR Rinyaszentkirály - forest PA Tura - pasture PA Ság-hegy PR Újszentmargita - forest PA Sárrét PR Úrkút - karst PA Sárvár - arboretum PA Uzsai - Calluna pop. PA Somogyvár, Kapuvár - hill PA Vácrátót - botanical garden ** PA Sopron - Botanical Garden PA Vajdalapos - forest PA Sopron PR Vértes PR Sümeg, Mogyorós-Domb PA Zákány, Quercus pop. PA Szabadkígyós PR Zemplén* PR Szakadát, pasture PA Zirc - arboretum ** PA Szaporca, Ó-Dráva - river bed PA Zselic PR (1) Type: NP = National Park, PR = Protected Region, PA = Protected Area * = Conservation areas of main importance from the point of view of production **= Conservation areas of main importance from the point of view of conservation - Controlled utilization of MAP species There are possibilities for the controlled utilization of MAP species grown in special protected areas. Model examples are the collections of Juniperus communis in the Kiskunság National Park and the collection of Matricaria recutita in Hortobágy National Park. These species are very abundant in these regions. The well organized collecting of the plants controlled by scientists and experts results in no harm to the plant populations and even contribute to a better knowledge of these Juniperus and Matricaria populations, which is the basis for further development and increased production. Another advantage of this method is that the plant drugs coming from such areas are very likely to be free of pollutants. This type of collection seems to be profitable from both biological and economic points of view and ought to be extended to other MAP species. - Protection of individual plants Protection of individual plants is used in the in situ conservation of MAP species in Hungary. However its effectiveness greatly depends on the actual biodiversity of the species existing at the time of protection. The plants can be divided into three groups according to their natural biodiversity status: a. Individual protection of MAPs which have become extinct or extremely rare is only of limited practical importance. Some representatives of this group include Arnica montana, Digitalis lanata, Digitalis ferruginea, etc. The chemical, morphological and biological product diversity of these species is probably lost. There is little hope for their utilization as a genetic source for further development of the MAP sector. b. A number of protected MAPs are widely studied for their chemical and biological characters in Hungary. The main representatives of this group include Achillea spp., Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Primula spp. and Pulsatilla spp. Many of these species show high chemical and biological diversity which can be utilized for the development of artificial production models or later on for cultivation. The simple protection of these
54 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING species hardly meets the theoretical and practical expectations. The different bio- and chemotypes must be preserved by other methods of plant conservation. c. Only very limited information is available for the majority of MAP species under protection. Thus, for this group, protection is only an administrative measure. Again, this simple protection hardly meets the requirements of real plant conservation. The intensification of scientific activities in this respect appears necessary. The biological and chemical diversity of the species listed in this group could be utilized through international cooperation projects. - Monitoring of the abundance or extinction of MAPs Monitoring of the abundance or extinction of MAPs or their populations appears as a very important field of scientific activity related to MAP conservation. The changes occurring in the MAP populations must be monitored and predicted. The restriction of the collection of plant material from local sites should not be deferred until the populations become endangered. The stability of the natural populations should be guaranteed on the basis of scientific data. Model investigations in this field are carried out very efficiently in the following Hungarian research institutes: - SZI University, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Villányi str. 29-45, 1118 Budapest - Research Institute for Medicinal Plants, Lupaszigeti str. 4, 2011 Budakalász - Ecological and Botanical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Science, Alkotmány str. 2-6, 2163 Vácrátot Scientific activities in this area require greater international cooperation and funds allocated from international sources. 2. Ex situ conservation of MAPs In addition to the protection of genetic resources, ex situ conservation of MAPs may contribute to the construction of a valuable genepool which serves as a reserve for the development of highly productive cultivars or plants possessing diverse chemical characters. The distinction of well defined chemical types seems to have both theoretical and practical importance. It is well known that the need for chemical compounds varies with time. In the case of poppy (Papaver somniferum) the demand for morphine, codeine or thebaine changes unexpectedly. The need for different chemotypes of Matricaria recutita also varies from time to time. In some cases the most recent pharmacological studies generate new requirements, such as requirement for low beta-thujone taxa of Salvia officinalis, or pyrrolisidine-free populations of Scrophulariaceae and Asteraceae species. - Chemotaxonomical gardens The simplest way of ex situ conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants is the establishment and management of chemotaxonomical gardens. There are two of these gardens specialized in MAPs in Hungary: - Chemotaxonomical Garden of the Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Budakalász (address as above) - based on the Dahlgren system (Dahlgren et al. 1981) - Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Garden of the Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Soroksár (address as above)
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ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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