Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 71 Protected territories in Latvia with medicinal and aromatic plants - State Nature Reserves (5): Moricsalas (1912), Slitere (1921), Grini (1936), Krustkalni (1977), Teichi (1982) - National Parks (2): Gauja National Parka and Kemeri National Park - Nature Parks (21): the most popular are "Tervete" Nature Park and "Daugavas Loki" Nature Park - Nature Reserves (211): these areas are natural complexes unaltered by human activity, areas where rare and endangered species can be found. Ex situ conservation of MAPs The collections of medicinal and aromatic plants are held in five institutes: - Botanical garden of Latvia at Salaspils (largest MAP collection) - Botanical garden of the Latvian University in Rîga - Latvia University of Agriculture in Jelgava - State Selection Station at Skriveri - Bulduri Horticultural College. Collecting of wild medicinal plants The following medicinal plants are regularly collected from the wild only: Filipendula ulmaria, Tanacetum vulgare, Taraxacum officinale and Tussilago farfara. Most of the marketed raw materials from the following species are collected from the wild: Achillea millefolium (~70%), Bidens tripartita (~70%), Thymus serpyllum (~95%) and Hypericum perforatum (~10%). MAP cultivation in Latvia Exact data on cultivation are not officially obtainable, since growers seem to be afraid to give accurate information owing to high taxes. The Medicinal Plant Association in Latvia, "Metra", consists of 95 members. Most growers with large cultivated areas are situated in the districts of Limbazi, Valmiera, Cesis and Aizkraukle. According to the statistical information of Metra, the area cultivated under MAPs in 2001 was about 200 ha, but according to the statistical information of the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, the total area cultivated with MAPs is estimated to be about 300 ha (Table 1). Table 1. Estimated area of cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants in Latvia Species Total area (ha) Note Valeriana officinalis 50 one farm has about 20 ha Chamomilla recutita 60 one farm has about 30 ha Hypericum perforatum 35 Mentha x piperita 30 one farm has about 10 ha Calendula officinalis 20 Carum carvi 50 Origanum vulgare 20 Viola arvensis and V. tricolor 3 Artemisia absinthium 3 Salvia officinalis 2 Bidens tripartita 2 Helichrysum arenarium 2 Leonorus cardiaca 2 Other MAP species 10 (Hyssopus officinalis, Majorana hortensis, Lavandula angustifolia, Thymus serpyllum, etc.) Total 289
72 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Use of MAPs by the processing industry No precise data are available. About one third of the production is processed by the Riga Pharmaceutical Factory. The growers sell about one third of the production directly to drugstores (chemist shops) for teas and homeopathic drug production. The last third is exported to Russia and to other former Soviet Union republics. Experience with sustainable use of MAPs The first experiences in different projects are connected with organic (ecological) agriculture and country tourism. References Aigare, V., G. Andrusaitis, J. Lipsbergs, I. Lodzina and L. Tabaka. 1985. Latvijas PSR Sarkana gramata [The Red Data Book of the Latvian SSR: Rare and endangered species of animals and plants]. Zinatne, Riga, Latvia. Anonymous. 1995. Wetland inventory work in Latvia. Technical Report. Latvian Fund of Nature, Riga, Latvia. Devillers, P., J. Devillers-Terschuren and J.P. Ledant. 1991. CORINE Biotopes manual. Habitats of the European Community. EUR 12587/3, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg. Ingelög, T., R. Andersson and M. Tjernberg. 1993. Red Data Book of the Baltic Region. Swedish Threatened Species Unit, Uppsala, Sweden/Institute of Biology, Riga, Latvia. Opermanis, O., I. Kabucis and A. Aunins. 1997. CORINE Biotopes Project in Latvia, 1994-1997. A review of methods and results (http://www.daba.lu.lv/ldf/corine/corine.html).
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ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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