Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 109 Status of the Romanian medicinal and aromatic plant collection Danela Murariu 1 , Silvia Strajeru 1 , Constantin Milica 2 and Steluta Radu 3 1 Suceava Genebank, Romania 2 Agricultural University Iassy, Romania 3 Central Research Station for MAP Fundulea, Romania Introduction The relief of Romania is distributed harmoniously: the mountains form an arch in the central part of the country and represent 31% of the total area of the country. Hills and plateaus covering 33% of the country surround the Carpathian mountain chain, and the plains, situated to the south and to the west of the country, represent the remaining 36%. The Romanian flora includes 3450 cormophyte species which represent 30% of the vascular European flora. Among these, 283 species have therapeutic effects and 180 species are studied, but only 52 species are cultivated (Mocanu 1999). In situ and ex situ preservation are achieved in natural reserves and on farms respectively, in the institutions and agricultural research stations that have breeding programmes and by the Suceava Genebank, a governmental institution. Legal protection of MAP species and their natural habitats The decrease of biological diversity on a global level has led to the elaboration of a Red List which includes medicinal and aromatic plants. Table 1 lists the endangered medicinal plants from the spontaneous flora which are included in the Red List. Table 1. Endangered medicinal plants from the spontaneous flora of Romania Plant organs harvested Flowers Leaves Stems, leaves Roots, bulbs, tubers Species Arnica montana Primula officinalis Tussilago farfara Atropa belladonna Allium ursinum Althaea officinalis Adonis vernalis Galium verum Lycopodium clavatum Gentiana lutea Arnica montana Helleborus purpurascens Angelica archangelica There are currently 450 reserves in Romania, including: - 1 World Heritage Site - Danube Delta (591 200 ha) - 2 biosphere reserves: Retezat (54 400 ha) and Rodna (56 700 ha) - 12 national parks covering 287 084 ha - 2 natural parks (10 150 ha) - 161 ornamental plant collections (22 000 ha) - 52 forestry reserves of over 113 668 ha Thus, the total protected areas cover 1 072 498 ha, i.e. 4.59% of the whole country (Anonymous 1995).
110 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Activities dealing with the preservation of plant genetic resources present in parks and natural reserves are coordinated at national level by the Romanian Academy, Commission for the Protection of Nature Monuments. The following laws are currently active (Anonymous 1994, 2000, 2002): - Law of the protected areas (5/2000), which includes rules for the protection of natural areas and for the conservation of natural habitats and of the wild flora and fauna of Romania; - Law 69/1994, referring to the international trade agreement related to species of the Romanian wild flora and fauna threatened with extinction. At the beginning of 2002, the law regulating the use of medicinal, aromatic, toxic and drug plants was under discussion in the Romanian Parliament. Ex situ conservation of MAP genetic resources This is accomplished in Romania through field conservation and medium- and long-term conservation. Field conservation is carried out in the following institutions: - Central Research Station for MAP Fundulea (931 samples - 297 species) - Agricultural University Iassy (80 samples - 67 species) - Agricultural University Timisoara (74 samples – 66 species) Regarding medium- and long-term conservation, two institutions hold MAP collections: the Suceava Genebank and the Agricultural University Iassy. The Suceava Genebank holds 246 samples (174 species) in the active and base collections distributed as shown in Fig. 1. Received from Romanian universities 20% Received from other countries 10% Collected by Suceava Genebank 35% Received from MAP Station Fundulea 35% Fig. 1. Distribution of the MAP samples conserved in the Suceava Genebank. The Agricultural University Iassy holds a collection of 1200 species kept under mediumterm conditions. In 2001 a genetic centre for medicinal, aromatic and tinctorial plants collected from 52 Asian and European countries was established.
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ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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