Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 25 Country reports Medicinal and aromatic plants in Austria Wolfgang Kainz Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety – AGES Linz, Austria Introduction - General information on the Austrian collections In 2002 the former Federal Office of Agrobiology became part of the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety and was renamed "Austrian Agency of Health and Food Safety – AGES Linz". The new agency is a merger of 19 Austrian institutes dealing with human healthcare, food analysis and agriculture. It belongs to the ministries of Health, Environment and Agriculture. The reason for the establishment of this agency was to encourage synergy, reducing costs for the government. The Austrian seed collections are well documented as far as the state genebanks are concerned. The Index Seminum Austriae, survey of the seed collections in Austria according to the multicrop passport descriptor format, is available on-line. These seed collections are held in the following institutions: • Organizations funded by the district government: − Genebank Tyrol, maintaining the oldest cereal collection in Austria, established in the 1920s, which consists mainly of cereals grown in the alpine regions. − Landesversuchsanlage Wies/Styria, maintaining "special crops" such as medicinal plants, spices, traditional oil plants (e.g. Styrian oil pumpkin) and vegetables. They serve as experimental stations under Styrian climatic conditions. • Organization funded by the federal government: − The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, maintaining the largest collection in Austria with mainly cereals for the pre-alpine and pannonical climate areas, a traditional poppy collection, and a medicinal plant collection started in 1898. • Private organizations − Arche Noah Association, with a large vegetable collection, but no detailed passport information published so far. Data are not included in the Index Seminum Austriae yet. This will be changing in the near future. − Several local associations maintaining traditional fruit trees in ex situ arboreta. Details of the collections (excluding the cereal collections) are given in Table 1. Table 1. The Austrian collections Crops No. of accessions Origin Landesversuchsanlage Wies/Styria special crops, vegetables 260 Austrian AGES-Linz special crops 250 Austrian/German vegetables 700 Austrian Phaseolus medicinal plants, spices* 590 European poppy** 150 Austrian landraces * This collection was set up in 1898 with importance as a spice-tea store and has increased in importance since the renewed interest in natural products in the 1980s. ** This collection was set up in 1968 with the main task of collecting the last existing landraces of cereals and poppy. In 2003 the genebank collections of the Vienna and Linz institutes were concentrated in Linz.
26 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Legal protection The Red list of endangered species is updated every few years. Sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in Austria Over 80% of the different species of medicinal plants cultivated in Austria are selections of wild plants, but are mainly distributed as cultivars. Most of these selections are very old and their origin can no longer be verified. Advanced cultivars are rather rare. The cultivation and processing are carried out by: - seed companies - agricultural cooperatives working as seed companies - agricultural associations of farmers. Use of MAPs MAPs are used mainly for the production of: - teas (of herbs and fruits) - single herbs or mixtures of herbs in small packages (e.g. Petroselinum or Carum) - foodstuffs with a bacteriostatic effect (Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare) used as dry matter directly; this is increasingly important for the large number of farmers using organic/biodynamic methods in Austria. Only the production and packaging of medicinal and aromatic plants is done in Austria. For the processing/extraction itself, semi-processed products are exported to Switzerland or Germany. Production of poppy should be mentioned separately because of its high volume of 1000 to 1500 tonnes per year, grown on an area of over 1000 ha. It is only used in traditional food prepared in home kitchens and in the pastry industry. There is no production of poppy syrup for medicinal processing at all in Austria, because of its low alkaloid content under the prevailing climatic conditions.
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ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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