Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 67 Table 5. Information recorded about the Italian Botanical Gardens Botanical gardens No. (%) Total 58 With a specific collection for maps 25 43 Having their own Web site 26 45 Having a general list of plants on the Web site 6 (1) 10 Having a specific list for MAPs on the Web site 3 (2) 5 Having an Index seminum on the Web site 4 (3) 7 Botanical gardens recorded 15 (4) 26 Total number of MAP species in conservation 1247 - Spontaneous in Italy 731 59 Endemic in Italy 30 2.4 Exotic 407 33 Cultivated 467 37 (1) Casola val Senio (RA), Camerino, Majella, Lecce, Bari, Catania. Casola val Senio (RA), Camerino, Majella. (3) Trieste, Modena, Siena, Majella. (4) Torino, Bergamo, Brescia, Padova, Trieste, Bologna, Ferrara, Casola val Senio (RA), Firenze, Camerino, Majella, Siena, Bari, Lecce, Catania. Review of the acreage of MAPs under cultivation In 1999-2000, ISAFA carried out a survey of the acreage and the characteristics of MAPs under cultivation in Italy (Vender 2001). According to this survey, the total area occupied by MAPs was 3342 ha and the number of species grown in Italy was over a hundred. However, slightly more than 30 species occupy over 90% of the total area. Beside Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot), the only species with an area greater than 1000 ha, the other main species are: Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint), Fraxinus sp. (manna ash), Chamomilla recutita Rausch. (chamomile), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (liquorice), Lavandula sp. (lavender and lavandin), Hypericum perforatum L. (St John's wort) and Linum usitatissimum L. (linseed). The main species cultivated, assembled into six groups according to the area occupied, are listed in Table 6. Compared with a similar survey carried out 10 years earlier (ISMEA 1989) the list of species has changed: tarragon, orris, roman wormwood, summer savory and jasmine have declined; peppermint, manna ash and saffron have fallen in importance, while chamomile, St John's wort, liquorice, lavenders, linseed, rosemary, fennel, sage, lemon balm and coneflower have greatly increased. As to distribution, more than 50% of the total area cultivated in MAPs is located in Calabria where, besides bergamot, liquorice and cedar are also grown. Other regions where MAP cultivation has some importance are Piedmont, where excellent peppermint oil is obtained, and Tuscany, where numerous herbs are grown on a huge farm. Excluding bergamot, from which we obtain the famous essence, about 70% of the total area cultivated in MAPs is used for the production of dried herbs, 20% for essential oil extraction and less than 10% for fresh consumption (Vender 2002). As regards farm size, there are huge individual and regional differences, but in general, only a small part of the arable area (a.a.) is reserved for MAPs. Farms specialized in MAP production (>80% of the a.a. planted to MAPs) represent only 17% of the total and most of them are located in the north. Nevertheless there are some exceptions: in Piedmont numerous large farms specializing in MAP cultivation are present, and in Tuscany the Aboca farm dedicates more than 300 ha to the cultivation of many species. Concerning field management, most farms adopt organic techniques (61%), the largest proportion of organic farms being in the centre (75%) and the lowest in the south (43%); nevertheless we may note that only bergamot, peppermint and St John's wort are handled as industrial crops, sustainable practices being used for other species. Taking into consideration different parameters (proportion of specialized farms, postharvest machinery availability, trade association importance, etc.) we may conclude that in the last 10 years there has been no widespread development of the sector or of associated
68 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING facilities. This sector could have useful economic potential in our country, but systems and organizations aimed to match supply and demand are lacking, and besides the supply is widely scattered. Table 6. Medicinal and aromatic plants grouped according to the cultivated area, 1999 (source: Vender 2002) First group: >1000 ha Surface (ha) Fourth group: 50-10 ha Bergamot 1500 Anise Flea-wort Passion flower Blue gum tree Ginkgo Roman chamomile Second group: Surface Burdock Hash Roman wormwood 250-100 ha (ha) Chamomile 171 Citron Hawthorn Rosemary Lavender and lavandin 133 Clary sage Hyssop Saffron Liquorice 146 Coneflower Immortelle Sage Manna ash 200 Dandelion Lemon balm Summer savory Peppermint 239 Dog rose Mauve Sweet clover St John's wort 156 Fennel Oregano Thyme Total 1045 Fifth group: 10-1 ha Surface (ha) 593 (in total) Surface (ha) Third group: Surface Alder Fenugreek Myrtle 100-50 ha (ha) Linseed 81 Artichocke Genepi Orange (flower) Black currant Grindelia Orris (roots) Californian poppy Linden Tarragon 108 Caraway Marigold Witch hazel (in total) Chives Marjoram Wormwood Coriander Marshmallow Yarrow Dill Meadowsweet Yew Sixth group:
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ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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