Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PRESENTED PAPERS 27 Medicinal and aromatic plant diversity in Bulgaria – protection, collection, study, use and conservation Kana Varbanova Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR), Sadovo, Bulgaria The geographic location of Bulgaria, with its central European, Mediterranean and East Asian flora, as well as the very rugged terrain, determine the rich plant species diversity (Bondev 1995). Data summarized from different studies showed that of the known 3567 higher plant species, 750 are medicinal plants. There are different views on the number of commonly used species. According to some authors this number is 150 (Stoeva 2000), while according to others it is 248 (Hardalova et al. 1994). The number of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is probably much higher if we include the species classified only as aromatic. Among the MAPs used, 85% are wild plants and only 15% are introduced or local cultivars. Legal protection of MAP species The legal protection of MAPs was established in 1936 by passing a law prohibiting or limiting the collection of flowers and herbs in certain regions. The increased trade in medicinal plants from native habitats led to the Law for Medicinal Plants, passed in 1941 and regulating the protection of 63 species (Hardalova et al. 1994). Current legal protection is provided by the Law for Nature Protection (LNP) (1967) regulating the listing of species with protected status. According to the last normative papers of 2001, a special regime is imposed for 79 species, including 44 protected, 24 banned for use and 11 with limited use. The use of medicinal plants from forest territories is regulated by the Forest Law and is controlled by the Forest Office at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Agrarian Reform. The Ministry of Environment and Waters is in charge of the management and control of the national natural resources (forests excepted) in the protected territories. A different regime of protection has been imposed on 3.5% of the total area of the country, and 82% of the protected territory (nature reserves and national parks) received nature protection status corresponding to categories I and II defined by IUCN (Mihova 1994). Besides nature reserves and national parks, MAPs are also preserved in 49 protected territories, specified for definite medicinal plants: Leucojum aestivum L., Paeonia peregrina Mill., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Galanthus nivalis L., Juniperus communis L., Sideritis taurica Steph., Inula helenium L. and Primula veris L. (Hardalova et al. 1994). A new Law for Medicinal Plants (LMP), regulating the sustainable use of natural resources and biodiversity protection has been passed on 7 April 2000 (Official Gazette 29, Sofia). Another basis for active protection is the Red Book of Bulgaria which includes 38 medicinal plant species according to Hardalova et al. (1994). Ex situ collections The main activities of the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR) in Sadovo are focused on the protection and conservation of plant resources as a source of germplasm enrichment (Koeva 1998). Part of this general programme is related to MAP resources (Angelova et al. 1994; Varbanova and Dimitrova 2000). The main lines of study include: (i) collecting plants for their diversity; (ii) creation and enrichment of collections; (iii) evaluation; and (iv) conservation. They are detailed below.
28 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING • Collecting plants for their diversity MAP collecting is funded by IPGR, through national and international projects. MAP collecting in Sadovo started as early as 1902, but significant activities related to genetic resources started in 1983 with the establishment of international exchanges with botanical gardens, research institutes, firms, etc. (Guteva et al. 1998). Active collaboration and germplasm exchange are currently maintained with the Research Institute for Roses, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants in Kazanlak, the Agricultural University in Plovdiv, the Institute of Botany in Sofia, as well as with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The collection of wild accessions started in 1993 and is carried out through collecting missions in different regions of the country. A total of four joint projects with the Committee of Forests, the Ministry of Education and Science, the Bulgarian/Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Programme (BSBCP) and 13 collecting missions in the country were carried out during the period reported. • Creation and structure of the collections The strategy for the creation of collections is to achieve: - Species diversity - Intraspecific diversity - Diversity of plants with protected status - Ecogeographic diversity. The ex situ MAP collection in IPGR is represented by 461 accessions distributed in 24 families. The highest species diversity is found in the families Lamiaceae (28 species) and Asteraceae (15). Other families include from 1 to 7 species (Table 1). Table 1. Structure of the ex situ field collection No. Family No. of accessions No. of species Total Wild Foreign Bulgarian (local cultivars and populations) 1 Amaryllidaceae 1 23 - 23 - 2 Araceae 1 1 1 - - 3 Asteraceae 15 292 18 252 22 4 Boraginaceae 1 3 3 - - 5 Caryophyllaceae 7 9 5 4 - 6 Cistaceae 2 2 2 - - 7 Crassulaceae 3 3 3 - - 8 Fabaceae 3 3 3 - - 9 Ericaceae 2 2 2 - - 10 Gentianaceae 1 1 1 - - 11 Hypericaceae 1 2 2 - - 12 Iridaceae 6 12 10 2 - 13 Lamiaceae 28 83 69 5 10 14 Malvaceae 1 1 1 - - 15 Onagraceae 2 2 2 - - 16 Paeoniaceae 2 3 3 - - 17 Primulaceae 2 2 2 - - 18 Ranunculaceae 4 4 4 - - 19 Resedaceae 1 1 1 - - 20 Rosaceae 4 4 4 - - 21 Rubiaceae 1 1 1 - - 22 Rutaceae 1 1 1 - - 23 Scrophulariaceae 5 5 5 - - 24 Solanaceae 1 1 1 - - Total 95 461 143 286 32
Page 1 and 2: Report of a Working Group on Medici
Page 3 and 4: ii WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 5 and 6: iv WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 7 and 8: 2 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AR
Page 15 and 16: 10 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 31: 26 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 83 and 84:
78 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
100 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167:
ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
show all

Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?