Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PRESENTED PAPERS 75 • Legislation The harvest and trade of MAPs are regulated by the Law on Protected Areas (1993, 2001), Law on Endangered Wildlife (1996), Law on Wild Vegetation (1999) and Law on Plant Genetic Resources Conservation (2001). Recently, a draft law on the ratification of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora was prepared. The Ministry of Environment regulates the gathering of wild MAPs and revises the list of species whose collecting is prohibited on the basis of research carried out by specialists from the Institute of Botany. The State Register (2000) of the Law on Wild Vegetation lists MAP species for which gathering from the wild indicated existing or potential conservation problems and whose collecting is therefore limited. Some medicinal plants are included in the National Red Book and are subjected to national legislation (Box 1). Box 1. List of MAP species regulated by law in Lithuania Threatened MAP species whose collecting from the wild is regulated by law Acorus calamus Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Angelica archangelica Centhaurium erythraea Centhaurium pulchellum Cetraria islandica Chimophila umbellata Digitalis grandiflora Gentiana cruciata Hierochloe australis Hierochloe odorata Helichrysum arenarium Lycopodium clavatum Origanum vulgare Potentilla erecta Poleminium caeruleum Primula veris Plantago arenaria Sanguisorba officinalis Viscum album Viola tricolor MAP species included in the National Red Book Arnica mntana Allium angulosum Allium vineale Allium scorodoprasum Allium ursinum Arctium nemorosum Gentiana cruciata Hedera helix Hypericum montanum Hypericum hirsutum Mentha longifolia Polemonium coeruleum Pulmonaria angustifolia Salvia pratensis • Conservation methods Different methods are used to avoid potential danger and existing threats to MAP species, i.e. in situ and ex situ conservation. The biological peculiarities of species and their sources of raw material determine the conservation method. MAP species have been divided into three groups according to the source of raw material: sufficient, limited and insufficient (Table 1): 1. For species with sufficient sources of raw material, the Law on Wild Vegetation regulates the exploitation of common species. 2. Widespread species characterized by a large phenotypic diversity but with low sources of raw material can be or are cultivated. Wild populations of these species are not endangered in their natural habitats; however the sampling of their diversity has been initiated to ensure the conservation of their germplasm and further use in breeding. 3. Species with low sources of raw material and narrow ecological adaptation, which are difficult to introduce into cultivation, are in the most critical situation. This group of species includes rare and endangered plants. The main factor causing the decrease in populations of these species is the changing environmental conditions.
76 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Table 1. Medicinal and aromatic plants of commercial interest grouped according to the sources of raw material Sources of raw material Species Achillea millefolium, Artemisia vulgare, Artemisia absinthium, Calluna vulgaris, Crataegus sp., Epilobium angustifolium, Equisetum arvense, Filipendula ulmaria, Frangula alnus, Fragaria vesca, Glechoma hederacea, Hypericum perforatum, 1. Sufficient Humulus lupulus, Ledum palustre, Menyanthes trifoliata, Pulmonaria officinalis, Rubus idaeus, Tilia cordata, Tussilago farfara, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica dioica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium myrtillus Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Arctium lapa, Arctium tomentosum, Agrimonia eupatoria, Angelica archangelica, Bidens tripartite, Chamomilla recutita, Chelidonium majus, Cichorium intybus, Convallaria majalis, Helichrysum arenarium, Inula helenium, Leonurus cardiaca, Malva sylvestris, Oenothera biennis, Origanum vulgare, 2. Limited Plantago arenaria, Primula veris, Plantago major, Polygonum bistorta, Potentlla erecta, Sambucus nigra, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, Viburnum opulus, Verbascum nigrum, Valeriana officinalis, Viola arvensis, Thymus serpyllum Acorus calamus, Arnica montana, Centhaurium erythraea, Cetraria isandica, Drosera anglica, Gentiana cruciata, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Herniaria glabra, 3. Deficient Herniaria hirsuta, Lycopodium clavatum, Mentha longifolia, Petasites officinalis, Polygonum aviculare, Polemonium ceruleum, Viola tricolor, Viscum album In situ conservation This method of conservation is used mainly for those species which are most endangered or for which conservation problems were identified. In situ conservation can be implemented using the existing protected areas that contain a broad range of MAP germplasm material. Changes in the distribution and survival of natural populations have been observed in recent years. The large areas of wasteland previously cultivated or owned by the military are currently used for gathering of raw material. The monitoring of the vitality of populations, coenodiversity changes and regeneration has been carried out on Allium L. spp., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L., Arnica montana L., Centhaurium erythraea Rafn., Origanum vulgare L. and Menyanthes trifoliata L. • The distribution area of Arnica montana originates in the European mountain province and the northern border of its distribution area crosses the Lithuanian territory. In Lithuania it grows only in the southern and southeastern parts of the country (Fig. 3). It was observed that populations of Arnica montana growing in optimum lichen-type pine stands have not decreased and are potential sources for their exploitation (Radušienė et al. 1997). Fig. 3. Distribution of Arnica montana L. indigenous populations in Lithuania.
Page 1 and 2:
Report of a Working Group on Medici
Page 3 and 4:
ii WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 5 and 6:
iv WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 7 and 8:
2 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AR
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
10 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30: 24 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 79: 74 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND A
Page 105 and 106: 100 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND
Page 131 and 132:
126 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167:
ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
show all

Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?