Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 145 References Černe, M., V. Meglič, Z. Luthar, B. Bohanec, J. Šuštar-Vozlič, D. Baričevič and J. Rode. 1998. Ohranjanje genskih virov kmetijskih rastlin [Conservation of crop genetic resources]. Pp. 249-252 in Novi izzivi v poljedelstvu '98: zbornik simpozija [New challenges in crop production: proceedings of a symposium], 3-4 Dec. 1998, Dobrna (A. Tanjšek and I. Šantavec, eds.). Slovensko agronomsko društvo [Slovenian Agronomy Society], Ljubljana. Žitnik, S., V. Meglič and H. Kraigher. 2000. Computer database of the Slovenian plant gene bank for agriculture, food and forestry. Pp. 328-329 in 2 nd Congress of Genetic Society of Slovenia with international participation: proceedings of the symposium, 13-17 Sept. 2000, Bled, Slovenia. (D. Glavač and M. Ravnik-Glavač, eds). Slovensko genetsko društvo [Genetic Society of Slovenia], Ljubljana.
146 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Research Molecular tools for determining genetic variability 21 Branka Javornik Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana This presentation deals with modern approaches in determining genetic variability, in which three categories of genetic markers are applied – morphological, biochemical and molecular. Morphological markers (such as plant height, leaf shape, colour, etc.) are among the oldest markers used in the evaluation of genetic variability. However, they are not sufficiently specific and informative because different gene expression in different environments causes wide variability of phenotypic characters in individuals. Similarly, biochemical markers (such as albumin content, isoenzymes or essential oil contents in an individual organism) can be considered to be non-specific due to the wide variability of biochemical characters, which are strongly influenced by an individual's environment. The development of recombinant DNA in the 1980s enabled the development and use of molecular markers, thus providing a modern tool for determining genetic variability. Molecular markers show variability among individuals on the DNA level, which is not influenced by the environment. Different genetic markers (e.g. RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, SSR, SCAR) have different properties, (dominant and co-dominant markers, different coverage of the genome) and different advantages and disadvantages (e.g. specificity, cost, ease of analytical interpretation of the resulting data). However, they are highly informative about genetic variability among individuals, populations and cultivars. Their use is universal for all organisms. Molecular markers can be considered to be essential tools in cultivar identification (DNA typing), assessment of genetic variability and relationships, management of genetic resources and biodiversity, studies of phylogenetic relationships and in genome mapping. The main aim of the management of genetic resources is to ensure that as much as possible of the existing genetic diversity of species is conserved. The effectiveness of this depends to a large extent on the genetic information available on the germplasm under study. Molecular markers provide genetic information of direct value for ex situ and in situ conservation. For ex situ conservation, the acquisition of data on the diversity of collections is important. Molecular markers can be used (i) to identify valuable genetic variation that is under-represented in a collection sample; (ii) to identify duplicate accessions and to monitor changes in genetic structure as accessions are generated; (iii) to assess the available genetic diversity for each species; (iv) to provide more accurate and detailed information than is available using classical phenotypic data; (v) to identify traits and types quickly. On a more fundamental level, molecular marker information may lead to the further identification of useful genes contained in a collection. Molecular data on diversity may provide essential information to develop core collections that accurately represent the entire collection. For ex situ conservation, molecular markers may be used in: the determination of identity and similarity of accessions or individuals; the measurement of the structure of diversity among individuals, accessions, populations and species; and the detection of particular allele or nucleotide sequences in a taxon, genebank accession or in situ population. 21 Summary of the presentation made at the meeting.
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Page 167: ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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