Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 119 Table 1. Projects carried out in Spain on MAP species Project Collection, conservation and characterization of germplasm from Spanish populations of different species of Rosmarinus and Origanum Screening of MAP genetic resources in Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura Screening of MAP genetic resources in Aragón Species studied No. of populations studied Rosmarinus officinalis L. 19 R. eryocalys 2 Origanum vulgare (subsp. virens and vulgare) 16 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 21 Hypericum perforatum 47 Lavandula latifolia 17 Lavandula pedunculata 28 Lavandula stoechas 22 Satureja montana 5 Thymus mastichina 58 Thymus vulgaris 64 Thymus zygis 56 Althaea officinalis 1 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 2 Artemisia absinthium 2 Evonymus europaeus 1 Hypericum perforatum 3 Lavandula latifolia 4 Melilotus officinalis 1 Plantago major 1 Ricinus communis 1 Santolina chamaecyparissus 1 Tanacetum parthenium 1 Thymus mastichina 19 T. vulgaris 19 T. zygis 1 Review of the acreage of MAPs under cultivation According to various information sources the main species cultivated commercially in Spain are lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia), mint (Mentha piperita and M. pulegium), sage (Salvia officinalis and S. lavandulifolia), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. virens) and anise (Pimpinella anisum); there have also been recent experiences in the production of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) and spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia). The main cultivation areas are Andalucia, Valencia, Murcia, Catalunya, Aragón and Mallorca, and, although there are no data for the current area cultivated, it can be estimated to be about 6000 ha in the whole of Spain. There are two kinds of farm: the small ones are more or less experimental, while the bigger ones are usually managed directly by foreign companies. Use of MAPs by processing industries In Spain, 10-20% of the plant raw material used by the industry comes from Spain and 80-90% is imported, mainly (40-60%) from eastern Europe. Every year about 100 000 ha are subjected to collecting from the wild in Spain. The main collecting areas are Granada, Almería and Murcia, all in southern Spain. Some medicinal plants are collected in large amounts (more than 1 t/year). Most of them do not have major conservation problems (Box 1). However Blanco and Breaux (1997) reported that some wild plants collected in significant quantities in Spain have potential conservation problems and it is necessary to update the collecting regulations as soon as possible (Box 2).
120 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Box 1. Collected species with no major conservation problems (van Ginkel 2002) Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. subsp. ramosissimum Lavandula spp. E. telmateia Ehr. Paronychia spp. Lepidium draba L. Jasonia glutinosa De Cand. Juniperus communis L. Centaurea aspera L. Taraxacum officinale Weber. Artemisia campestris L. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Spreng. Spiraea ulmaria L. Gentiana lutea L. Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik. Malva sylvestris L. Santolina spp. Viscum album L. Sideritis spp. Rosmarinus officinalis L. Satureja spp. Thymus spp. Others Salvia spp. Box 2. Species with potential conservation problems (Blanco and Breaux 1997) Arnica montana Gentiana lutea Petasites hybridus Cetraria islandica Jasonia glutinosa Ruscus aculeatus Drosera rotundifolia Menyanthes trifoliata Valeriana officinalis Experience in sustainable use of MAPs Various organizations have carried out local projects in order to promote the sustainable use of MAPs and their cultivation. However in most cases the marketing of the final products has been too difficult or impossible, and most of these initiatives have been abandoned. References Aizpuru, I. et al. 2000. Lista Roja de la Flora Vascular Española [Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora]. Conservación Vegetal 6:11-38 [in Spanish, with English summary]. Blanco, E. and J. Breaux. 1997. Results of the study of commercialisation, exploitation and conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants in Spain. WWF Traffic-Europe. Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero. 1999. Las plantas de extractos. Bases para un plan de desarrollo del sector [Medicinal and aromatic plants. Bases for a development plan of the sector]. Mundi- Prensa, Madrid. Ginkel, A. van. 2002. Certified wild crafting of medicinal plants? Oral presentation at the 50 th Congress of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research, 11 September 2002, Barcelona, Spain.
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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