Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia
Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia
Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia
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PRESENTED PAPERS 109<br />
<strong>Status</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Romanian <strong>medic<strong>in</strong>al</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>aromatic</strong> plant collection<br />
Danela Murariu 1 , Silvia Strajeru 1 , Constant<strong>in</strong> Milica 2 <strong>and</strong> Steluta Radu 3<br />
1 Suceava Genebank, Romania<br />
2 Agricultural University Iassy, Romania<br />
3 Central Research Station for MAP Fundulea, Romania<br />
Introduction<br />
The relief <strong>of</strong> Romania is distributed harmoniously: the mounta<strong>in</strong>s form an arch <strong>in</strong> the central<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the country <strong>and</strong> represent 31% <strong>of</strong> the total area <strong>of</strong> the country. Hills <strong>and</strong> plateaus<br />
cover<strong>in</strong>g 33% <strong>of</strong> the country surround the Carpathian mounta<strong>in</strong> cha<strong>in</strong>, <strong>and</strong> the pla<strong>in</strong>s,<br />
situated to the south <strong>and</strong> to the west <strong>of</strong> the country, represent the rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g 36%.<br />
The Romanian flora <strong>in</strong>cludes 3450 cormophyte species which represent 30% <strong>of</strong> the<br />
vascular European flora. Among these, 283 species have therapeutic effects <strong>and</strong> 180 species<br />
are studied, but only 52 species are cultivated (Mocanu 1999). In situ <strong>and</strong> ex situ preservation<br />
are achieved <strong>in</strong> natural reserves <strong>and</strong> on farms respectively, <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>and</strong><br />
agricultural research stations that have breed<strong>in</strong>g programmes <strong>and</strong> by the Suceava Genebank,<br />
a governmental <strong>in</strong>stitution.<br />
Legal protection <strong>of</strong> MAP species <strong>and</strong> their natural habitats<br />
The decrease <strong>of</strong> biological diversity on a global level has led to the elaboration <strong>of</strong> a Red List<br />
which <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>medic<strong>in</strong>al</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>aromatic</strong> <strong>plants</strong>. Table 1 lists the endangered <strong>medic<strong>in</strong>al</strong> <strong>plants</strong><br />
from the spontaneous flora which are <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the Red List.<br />
Table 1. Endangered <strong>medic<strong>in</strong>al</strong> <strong>plants</strong> from the spontaneous flora <strong>of</strong> Romania<br />
Plant organs harvested<br />
Flowers<br />
Leaves<br />
Stems, leaves<br />
Roots, bulbs, tubers<br />
Species<br />
Arnica montana<br />
Primula <strong>of</strong>fic<strong>in</strong>alis<br />
Tussilago farfara<br />
Atropa belladonna<br />
Allium urs<strong>in</strong>um<br />
Althaea <strong>of</strong>fic<strong>in</strong>alis<br />
Adonis vernalis<br />
Galium verum<br />
Lycopodium clavatum<br />
Gentiana lutea<br />
Arnica montana<br />
Helleborus purpurascens<br />
Angelica archangelica<br />
There are currently 450 reserves <strong>in</strong> Romania, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
- 1 World Heritage Site - Danube Delta (591 200 ha)<br />
- 2 biosphere reserves: Retezat (54 400 ha) <strong>and</strong> Rodna (56 700 ha)<br />
- 12 national parks cover<strong>in</strong>g 287 084 ha<br />
- 2 natural parks (10 150 ha)<br />
- 161 ornamental plant collections (22 000 ha)<br />
- 52 forestry reserves <strong>of</strong> over 113 668 ha<br />
Thus, the total protected areas cover 1 072 498 ha, i.e. 4.59% <strong>of</strong> the whole country<br />
(Anonymous 1995).