Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 29 According to the plant material origin, MAPs are divided into two groups – cultivated and wild: - Cultivated species This group includes local and foreign cultivars and populations and is represented by 318 accessions. Among the introduced MAPs obtained by exchange with 15 countries, those from European countries are predominant, with the Netherlands and Russia being the most represented. Seven countries are represented by 1 to 5 accessions only. The highest share in the collection is that of foreign accessions (252) of the family Asteraceae, including mainly species with ornamental qualities: Calendula officinalis L., Tagetes sp., Narcissus sp. The cultivated Bulgarian MAP species are represented by 10 cultivars and 22 populations. - Wild species This group is represented by 143 accessions from nine floristic regions of the country. Most MAPs have been collected from the North and South Black Sea coast, followed by Strandza, East Rhodope Mountains, and the hilly Tundza river plain. A rich species diversity of steppe origin is also represented. This group includes 23 families, the highest diversity being shown by the family Lamiaceae (28 species). A rich species diversity is collected from the genera Salvia (S. verticillata L., S. aethiopis L., S. sclarea L., S. pratensis L., S. officinalis L., S. nutans L., S. austriaca Jacq., S. virgata Jacq., S. pinnata L.) and Mentha (M. aquatica L., M. x piperita L., M. pulegium L., M. spicata L., M. viridis L.). Collecting from different habitats contributed to the achievement of intraspecific diversity in Inula helenium, Symphitum officinale, Thymus sp., Teucrium chamaedris, Hypericum perforatum, Mentha viridis L., Salvia verticillata and S. pratensis. A total of 32 wild species with different degrees of vulnerability and protection have been collected and conserved in ex situ collections (Table 2). Twenty-two of those are registered in the Red Book of Bulgaria, with 12 being categorized as rare, 4 as threatened and 6 as endemic. Under the Law for Nature Protection (LNP), 17 MAPs have been included in the collection, 6 of which are protected, 5 are banned for use and 6 are allowed limited use. • Evaluation The MAP ex situ field collection is studied in three stages: preliminary evaluation, complex evaluation and special evaluation. Preliminary evaluation is compulsory for the introduced accessions and is performed in the quarantine field, where accessions are assessed for quarantine diseases. Complex evaluation is an important source of information to be recorded in databases and is required for seeds that will be placed under long-term storage in the national genebank. It involves biological, morphological and economic characteristics. A special evaluation is made for some of the accessions which have undergone complex evaluation. It is performed in accordance with the specific lines of use – breeding, trade, biogarden establishment, etc. (Varbanova et al. 2003). Trait collections were created for Tagetes sp. and Calendula officinalis L., for use as a source of information in breeding programmes. In wild accessions, special attention is paid to the adaptability of species to the new growing conditions and the establishment of suitable propagation methods. The evaluation of species adaptability comprises biological, morphological and economic traits and is carried out in the habitats and conditions of Sadovo (Peeva et al. 1995; Varbanova et al. 1995, 1997; Dimitrova and Varbanova 1995; Dimitrova et al. 1997) (Table 3).
30 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Table 2. Wild MAPs with protected status in the ex situ collection No. Species Red Book of Bulgaria Law for Nature Protection Rare Threatened Endemic Protected Banned Limited 1 Rubia tinctorum L. + 2 Symphytum officinale L. + 3 Inula helenium L. + 4 Glycyrrhiza glabra L. + + 5 Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) + Ietswaart 6 Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. + 7 Gypsophila tekirae Stefanov + 8 Acorus calamus L. + 9 Iris aphylla L. + 10 Iris suaveolens Bois et Reut. + 11 Rhododendron ponticum L. + 12 Cistus salvifolius L. + 13 Artemisia pedemontana Balbbs. + 14 Achillea clypeolata Sibth. et Sm. + 15 Adonis vernalis L. + 16 Althaea officinalis L. + 17 Atropa bella-donna L. + + 18 Paeonia peregrina Mill. + 19 Salvia pinnata L. + 20 Ruta graveolens L. + + 21 Alchemilla asteroantha Rotbm. + + 22 Erica arborea L. + 23 . Satureja coerulea Janka. + 24 Sedum acre L. + 25 Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench + + 26 Saponaria stranjensis D. Jord. + 27 Centaurium erythraea Rafin. + 28 Onanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffm. et Link + 29 Adonis wolgensis Stev. + 30 Primula vulgaris Huds. subsp. + + sibthorpii (Hoffm.) Sm. et Forest 31 Primula veris L. + 32 Galanthus nivalis L. + + Total 12 4 6 6 5 6 Table 3. Adaptability of wild MAPs to cultivation No. Species Adaptability Very good Good Low 1 Inula helenium + 2 Iris aphylla + 3 Gypsophila trichotoma + 4 Gypsophila tekirae + 5 Gypsophila paniculata + 6 Clinopodium vulgare + 7 Althaea officinalis + 8 Mentha longifolia + 9 Symphitum officinale + 10 Paeonia tenuifolia + 11 Rubia tinctorum + 12 Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum + 13 Adonis vernalis + 14 Rhododendron ponticum + 15 Vaccinium arctostaphyllos + 16 Cistus incanus + 17 Cistus salvifolius + To study the propagation abilities of some wild species (difficult to propagate, valuable, with protected status, commercial, etc.) traditional and in vitro methods are applied (Dimitrova et al. 1994, 1996, 2001). The results are used to create ex situ field collections and in vitro collections, as well as for commercial propagation.
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ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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