Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 125 numbered 9 and 7, originating from Germany and Romania respectively, had high yield and quality and were the two most promising populations for lemon balm cultivation in these locations. Table 4. Yield and quality characters of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in two locations (Sarı and Ceylan 2002) Location Plant height Green herb yield Drug leaf yield Essential oil (cm) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (%) Menemen 47.58 28690 4969 0.067 Bozdağ 20.73 4160 900 0.036 The main component of the essential oil of the lemon balm was geranial in both locations and geranial concentration averaged over years and populations was 38.13% in Menemen and 53.68% in Bozdağ. Hence, Menemen ecological conditions were quite suited to growing lemon balm with a high yield and quality and the populations originating from Romania and the Ege University Agricultural Faculty (Germany) were especially recommended to growers. Mint (Mentha spp.) A sample of 232 different mint (Mentha spp.) populations were collected from different regions of Turkey in collaboration with the Turkish Extension Service and conserved in a field genebank at AARI. Mint populations in the conservation field were characterized using morphological and yield parameters. Results were as follows: total green herb ranged 10 160-168 240 kg/ha, drug herb yield 3760-46 760 kg/ha, drug leaf yield 1000-28 000 kg/ha, and plant height 28-116.5 cm. Sideritis spp. A sample of 68 Sideritis L. was collected from 12 provinces of Aegean and Mediterranean regions (Otan et al. 1994). Morphological, anatomical and cytological characters of 20 species belonging to Empedoclia and Hesiodia sections were examined. Chromosome numbers were found to be 2n=28 for species of the Hesiodia section and 2n=32 for those of the Empedoclia section. Submetacentric chromosomes were found on S. leptoclada and some samples of S. perfoliata. Hairy and glabrous samples of S. perfoliata were also different according to centromer position of their chromosomes. Chromosome 1B was observed for S. tmolea. There was intra- and interspecific diversity for stem, pollen and leaf characters. PCA was applied to morphological and anatomical characters. According to PCA the Hesiodia section formed a distinct group from the main group which consists of the Empedoclia section. The interest and demand for Sideritis species is increasing nowadays because of their antioxidant properties. Hence a new research project was initiated in 2002 to determine optimum plant density and agronomic characters of S. perfoliata, one of the most promising species for cultivation. Dye plants Synthetic dyes were invented in the 19 th century and replaced natural dyes owing to their easy application, high fastness and vibrant colours. However, it is realized that synthetic dyes may harm the environment. Environmental concern and interest for environmental protection and conservation has increased since the 1980s. As a consequence, interest and demand for natural dyes and items coloured with them such as carpets, rugs and foods have also increased since that time. However, dye plants are not cultivated but collected from the wild, with damage to natural habitats.
126 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING A new research project was started to conserve natural habitats and obtain standard natural dye extracts. Agronomic and chemical characters and dying properties of three dye plants, woad (Isatis tinctoria), madder (Rubia tinctorum) and weld (Reseda luteola), providing three main colours (blue, red and yellow, respectively) will be investigated. Indigenous knowledge The indigenous knowledge on usage of MAPs as folk remedies is getting lost owing to migration from rural to urban areas, industrialization and changes in life style. The Aegean region in Turkey is one of the areas most affected by industrialization. A new project was initiated to collect and record the information on MAPs used as folk remedies. Possible cultivation methods for orchid species The use of salep (ground orchids bulbs) has a long history in Turkey. It is estimated that about 20 million orchid bulbs are collected annually in Turkey. This figure clearly shows that population density decreased dramatically due to annual harvesting from the wild. A new research project aims to find out cultivation methods for salep orchids. Genebank activities Target areas and species are determined every year. Herbarium samples collected from those areas are submitted to the genebank. In addition, seed multiplication is carried out for seed lots having insufficient or weak germination rates. Characterization and evaluation studies for selected species are also conducted for the genebank. Seminars and training courses Seminars and training courses on MAP cultivation for Extension Service experts and farmers are held at AARI every year. The number of trainees ranges between 10 and 50 from year to year. Conclusion There are many plant species in the world with medicinal properties. However, almost all MAPs are neglected or underutilized and insufficiently documented. Cultivation of MAPs is limited and most are wild crafted, causing degradation of natural habitats. Therefore, a need for conservation is arising for many species. The number of research activities, scientists studying MAPs and species investigated should be increased to produce information and better understanding to conserve MAPs. An international network storing information on MAPs should be established for better use of MAPs and sharing related information. References Başer, K.H.C. 1998. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin endüstriyel kullanımı [Industrial use of medicinal and aromatic plants]. TAB Bülteni 13-14:19-43. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, Turkey. Kıtıkı, A., T. Kesercioğlu, A. Tan, M. Nakiboğlu, H. Otan, A.O. Sarı and B. Oğuz. 1997. Ege ve Batı Akdeniz Bölgelerinde yayılış gösteren bazı Origanum L. türlerinde biyosistematik araştırmalar [Biosystematic research on some Origanum L. species in the Aegean and western Mediterranean regions in Turkey]. Anadolu J. of AARI 7(2):26-40. Otan, H. and A.O. Sarı. 1994. Kapari (Capparis spinosa L.)'de Fide Yetistirme Teknigi Üzerinde Bir Arastirma [Research on seedling production techniques of caper (Capparis spinosa L.)]. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 25-29 Nisan 1994 [Field Crops Congress, 25-29 April 1994], Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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