Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 77 • The collecting of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi raw material increased in former military areas where populations of high vitality have been observed. In other locations the collecting of raw material seriously damages the stands of this plant. • Centaurium erythraea is native to oceanic Europe and the Mediterranean, western Asia and northern Africa, and naturalized in North America. It is one of the traditional panaceas. Wild populations of centaury fluctuate greatly in size and are short-lived. They are greatly endangered by collecting and destruction of natural habitats. The fluctuations are due to the limited competitive ability of the plant and depend highly upon the environment (Radušienė 1995). Several attempts have been made to cultivate centaury, but the results were unsatisfactory. • It was revealed recently that sources of the widespread species Menyanthes trifoliata have decreased significantly of late. The vitality of this plant in most stands is moderate or low. This fact indicates changes in moist habitat conditions that threaten the populations of Menyanthes trifoliata. • Origanum vulgare, in spite of its economic importance, is often referred to as an underutilized taxon, in the sense that its genetic resources and variability have not yet been fully explored (Padulosi 1997). The research on germplasm conservation is very limited outside the Mediterranean region where most resources of oregano are concentrated. The whole genepool of oregano should be conserved to have a representation of the diversity of this species. The populations of oregano in Lithuania are characterized by a limited distribution and low sources of raw material. The majority of populations are concentrated in southeast and east Lithuania (Fig. 4). The initial step of conservation of oregano consisted in identification of growing sites, gathering of wild accessions, their characterization and introduction into the field, further evaluation and multiplication of the selected material. Fig. 4. Distribution of Origanum vulgare L. indigenous populations in Lithuania.
78 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING - All native species of Allium are subject to germplasm conservation in Europe. There are seven spontaneous species of Allium in Lithuania. Four of these, A. angulosum L., A. scorodoprasum L., A. ursinum L. and A. vineale L. are included in the National Red Data Book. In Lithuania A. angulosum stretches over the northern border of its distribution area. Only two sites of this species have been found in water meadows. A. scorodoprasum is under imminent threat. It is found in over 20 localities, mostly situated in protected areas in the western part of Lithuania. Only a few sites of A. vineale are known. The first three species are under imminent threat, while A. ursinum has been found in 50 localities all over the country. A. ursinum covers large areas (up to 10 ha) as pure stands in broadleaved forests or as isolated plants (Fig. 5). Fig. 5. Distribution of threatened Allium L. species in Lithuania.
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ISBN 92-9043-633-6 Cover photos: co
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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