Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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PRESENTED PAPERS 127 Otan, H., A.O. Sarı, M. Nakiboğlu and H. Aydın. 1994. Türkiye'den toplanan bazı Sideritis L. türlerinin floristik kayıtları [Floristic records of some Sideritis spp. collected in Turkey]. Anadolu J. of AARI 4(2):22-36. Otan, H., A. Uzun, A.O. Sarı, N. Çarkaci, I. Serim and E. Bayram. 1993. Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.)'da Yabanci Ot Mücadelesi Üzerinde Arastirmalar [Research on weed control of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)]. Türkiye 1. Herboloji Kongresi, 3-5 Subat 1993 [First Turkish Herbology Congress, 3-5 February 1993], Adana, Turkey. Sarı, A.O. and A. Ceylan. 2002. Yield characteristics and essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. For. 26:217-224. Sarı, A.O., D. Kahraman, B. Oğuz and A. Kıtıkı. 2002. Menemen ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen kapari (Capparis spinosa L.) populasyonunun verimi ve morfolojik özellikleri [Yield and morphological characters of a caper (Capparis spinosa L.) population grown under Menemen ecological conditions]. Anadolu J. of AARI 12(1):27-36.
128 WORKING GROUP ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS: FIRST MEETING Medicinal and aromatic plant production in the United Kingdom Rosemary Cole National Herb Centre (NHC), Banbury, United Kingdom Natural solutions are increasingly being sought to agrochemical, pharmaceutical and food issues and the market for herb products is growing rapidly, putting an additional strain on resources as many herb species are wild harvested. A report by Lange (1998) claimed that 70-90% of herbal products imported into Germany are wild harvested. Current production of herbs in the UK occupies a relatively small area (ca. 4000 ha), mostly of culinary herbs. Herb companies still import large quanitites of herbs which could be grown and there is considerable potential for expansion to provide industrial raw materials. In order to realize this potential and thus meet the UK government's policy aim of encouraging the development of crops for industrial applications, a number of projects have been initiated. But evidence of the biological activity of these materials, the feasibility and economics of UK production of these crops needs to be obtained. A number of factors have been shown to influence the yield and composition of essential oils and bioactives from herb crops. These include genetics (origin, variation), morphogenesis (leaf position and age, harvest, flowering), environment (temperature, day length and light intensity) and finally agricultural practices (nutrition, irrigation, propagation, harvesting and extraction). Selection of plant material and the optimization of agricultural practices is vital for the production of high quality herbs, essential oils and extracts. The need to know how the crop has been produced (traceability of raw materials) and concern over the quality of imports (pesticides, heavy metals) suggests there is scope to supply extracted natural products from herbs grown in the UK to provide high quality raw materials for industry. There is potential to develop the UK herb industry, which encompasses a number of small- and medium-sized companies, if they meet the stringent specifications, supply chain and quality requirements. It is possible to capitalize on this opportunity with a better knowledge of cultivar selection, how herbs can best be grown under UK conditions and by developing new techniques which may lead to safer and more efficient extraction of natural products. Below are three projects in which the National Herb Centre is involved. The Rapfi project (Rosemary antioxidants for the pharmaceutical and food industries) is part of the Competitive Industrial Materials from Non Food Crops (CIMNFC) programme and is a collaboration between the National Herb Centre (NHC), Department of Biology at the University of Reading, Department of Sonochemistry at the University of Coventry, J.K. Kings of Coggeshall (Seedsmen), Advanced Phytonics (Extraction), Langford Electronics (Ultrasonic equipment) and Checkmate (Audit trail). The project objectives are to select rosemary accessions for high antioxidant activity, enhance antioxidant activity through the use of elicitors, produce a predictive model relating antioxidant activity to UV radiation, to develop an affordable extraction process and produce an audit trail for the whole production process. Accessions of Rosmarinus officinalis were collected from throughout Europe. In total 80 accessions have been trialed and analyzed at the National Herb Centre. Results have shown that antioxidant potential as measured by the free radical scavenging activity and chain propagation correlated with carnosic acid (r=0.82 and 0.53 respectively). Rosemary antioxidants also reduced production of "off flavours" such as hexanal. Rosemary accessions were therefore selected for antioxidant activity by screening for carnosic acid concentration. Field trials (30 accessions and 6 replicates) had been planted September 1999 in three
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Status of medicinal and aromatic plants in - Inia

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