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ANNEX 3 TEAM MEMBERS Jeffrey Clark, Deputy Director of the Refugee Policy Group, has been involved in humanitarian and development issues since 1977, when he worked for AID’s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. Previously, he headed the international staff of the House Select Committee on Hunger and directed an African food security initiative at the Carter Presidential Center. He has written widely on humanitarian issues, focusing on the Horn of Africa. Roberta Cohen is Senior Adviser for Human Rights at the Refugee Policy Group. Earlier she held senior advisory positions on human rights in the U.S. Government and served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights. She is an officer and board member of several leading human rights organizations and has written extensively on issues of refugees, displaced persons, and human rights. Dennis Gallagher is the founder and Executive Director of the Refugee Policy Group. He is also the Executive Director of the North American-European Dialogue on Politics and Migration, an initiative aimed at improving policy-level understanding of the significant international migration challenges that will occur in the 1990s. Iain Guest is a Senior Fellow at the Refugee Policy Group and adviser on peacekeeping to the International Human Rights Law Group. He covered the United Nations and development issues for The Guardian and International Herald Tribune, served as reporter on several BBC documentaries, and authored a book on the U.N.’s handling of disappearances. In 1992, he was spokesman for the UNHCR repatriation operation in Cambodia. Larry Minear has worked on humanitarian and development issues since 1972 as an NGO official and consultant to U.N. organizations. In 1990, he headed an international team that 163
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Occasional Paper #18 HUMANITARIAN A
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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accountable is the United Nations f
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areas within the former Yugoslavia.
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The deteriorating social situation
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IRC LWF MSF NATO NGO ODA ODPR OFDA
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xiv
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“We got our own hands dirty in th
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civilian populations beyond areas i
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European Union on November 1, 1993
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with its concern for minority popul
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U.N. put as much effort into stoppi
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No. of displaced / refugees 200,000
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How many persons were reached by U.
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the entire population of central Bo
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quantitative data to qualitative ju
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denied access to the centers where
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ing proceeded uninterrupted. In the
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also difficult. Human Rights Watch,
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UNHCR as Lead Agency UNHCR received
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primary responsibility for the wide
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wars, the terrain was more familiar
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* Joint Appeals (UNHCR, UNICEF, WHO
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teur it appointed was given more au
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port of third-country nationals bac
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followed locally. It became more di
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had two principal contacts: the gov
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national NGOs resident in Serbia an
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and military equipment to Yugoslavi
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Montenegro because the Federal Repu
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munity played a major role in polit
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CHAPTER 3: TEN CENTRAL POLICY CHALL
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homeless and lower-income pensioner
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international community,” recalle
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electricity up and running was unde
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UNICEF, charged with the survival a
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Relief and Beyond Two issues emerge
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ties away from the areas of fightin
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sons forced to flee intolerable cir
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evacuees to 30,000 bodies.” The i
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war in which human displacement was
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Based on interviews and observation
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tarian organizations did their best
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eneficiary population had been reac
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with 113 persons, including two WHO
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humanitarian access. A lot of time
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here than in any previous conflict
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fered at a “lower price” would
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Third, and perhaps the most visible
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ity and seriousness of the U.N.’s
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had to adapt to UNPROFOR rather tha
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Serbian aggressors is not effective
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some of those persons who have alre
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In a letter sent in June 1993 to th
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indirect extermination of the whole
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insisting on a presence in Serb-hel
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has exactly the same problems—lac
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Yugoslavia lends urgency to address
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town of Srebrenica.” DHA’s atte
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population at risk. The numbers wer
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tions would also have been construc
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Page 127 and 128: erly preceded by interagency assess
Page 129 and 130: Local Resources Recent humanitarian
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Page 133 and 134: standably dismayed by the time pree
Page 135 and 136: 10. Assisting Civilians without Pro
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Page 139 and 140: that the drops were a bad idea but
Page 141 and 142: CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS Several
Page 143 and 144: political, and military entities. O
Page 145 and 146: ferently. The interface between the
Page 147 and 148: takings ultimately rely. Second, we
Page 149 and 150: ANNEX 1 PERSONS INTERVIEWED * UNITE
Page 151 and 152: Stephanie Allen Early Joan Edwards
Page 153 and 154: Karen Kenny Peter Kessler Mostafa K
Page 155 and 156: Jacques Mouchet Sadako Ogata Pierre
Page 157 and 158: Serge Telle Tatjania Termacic Sonya
Page 159 and 160: Derek Boothby Shannon Boyd David Cr
Page 161 and 162: Marc van Wynsberghe Civil Affairs O
Page 163 and 164: Ann Grant Rita Hudson Zlatko Hurtic
Page 165 and 166: Martin Damery Ursula K. Eugster Car
Page 167 and 168: Arthur Helton John Hicks Lidia Himi
Page 169 and 170: Jan Williamson Roger Winter John Wo
Page 171 and 172: ANNEX 2 CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS
Page 173 and 174: the ICRC suspended relief operation
Page 175: Summer 1993. In May, fighting betwe
Page 179 and 180: ANNEX 4 ABOUT THE HUMANITARIANISM A
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