The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXI, Part 1-2, 1983 - Khamkoo

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SOME EARLY SIVA LING AS IN NAKHON SI THAMMARAT, PENINSULAR THAILAND STANLEY J. O'CONNOR* The linga is the aniconic representation of the Hindu God Siva. It is the most frequently encountered symbol of Siva. It seems to have drawn its form from the phallus since, initially at least, the lihga was rather faithfully modelled on its natural prototype. Its meanil;tg, however, is polyvalent, the radiant sign of divine presence. In Saiva temples, the lihga is the central focus of devotion, the primal and undifferentiated representation of the God and even those images of Siva in anthropomorphic form are frequently relegated to a position in the temple that is subsidiary to the linga.l Despite its centrality to Saivite cult practice, art historians writing about ancient Hindu sculpture have tended to focus on anthropomorphic representations of that deity. The reasons are obvious given the difficulty of drawing stylistic, or even typological, inference from such a relatively undifferentiated column of stone. It might be expected that the monolithic character of the lihga would, combined with the conservatism of religious sy_mbols, make it especially resistant to developmental change with the result that assigning dates to lingas is scarcely an exact science. One of the immediate consequences of relegating lingas to a kind of cult furniture at the margins of art historical attention is that the worship of Vi~~u and other Hindu gods tends to assume disproportionate attention in· discussions of ancient sculpture. If, for example, the actual number of extant lihgas found in Peninsular Thailand were totaled, it would be seen that devotion to Siva was a powerful force in the early city-states that flourished in the first millenium A.D. Not only would this rectify an imbalance in the religious history of the region, but it would also tend to enrich our mental image of its cultural and economic vitality. This is because almost all the lihgas available for study are monumental in scale and were not intended for domestic altars but were usually housed in a temple. Thus the presence of a linga almost necessarily entails an architectural enframement with all that is implied in the way of resource allocation, specialized craft skill, and the general level of economic development. * Professor of Art History and Asian Studies, Cornell University. This article is dedicated to Alexander B. Griswold as a tribute to his important contributions to knowledge and in gratitude for his friendship. 1. Frederick Asher, "Paiicayatana Siva Litigas: Sources and Meanings" in Joanna Williams, Kaladarsana (New Delhi, 1981), p. 3. 1
Page 1 and 2: JOURNAL OF THE SIAM SOCIETY JANUARY
Page 3 and 4: JOURNAL OF THE SIAM SOCIETY JANUARY
Page 5: fllU l9JDD U lUJ'Utiltl1ftl'1Htn ll
Page 8 and 9: Reviews BILL CADWALLADER JEFFREY SN
Page 10 and 11: The microfilming of rare books, Jou
Page 12 and 13: met L . 'YI~VIQJ1VIL't1mfl1Jfl1~Yl~
Page 14 and 15: cl CU A ·.., Lt1nnau"nnumV111na1~'
Page 18 and 19: 2 Stanley J. O'Connor Radiating fro
Page 20 and 21: 4 Stanley J. O'Connor In the same g
Page 22 and 23: Fig. 2 Linga. Granite. 37" high. Ho
Page 24 and 25: 'Tj q'Q" .;>. t--o ;:;; "" ~ en 0 1
Page 27: Fig. 7 Lihga. Ekamukhali!iga. Stone
Page 30 and 31: SOUTHERN THAI /KHLOK/ : AN ETYMOLOG
Page 32 and 33: 8 Pitsamai Intarachat It should be
Page 34 and 35: THE "ENERGY TRANSITION" IN A MARKET
Page 36 and 37: 12 Erik Cohen Whatever their specif
Page 38 and 39: 14 Erik Cohen The coconut plantatio
Page 40 and 41: 16 Erik Cohen The second main secto
Page 42 and 43: 18 Erik Cohen Unlike in rural areas
Page 44 and 45: 20 Erik Cohen it necessitated consi
Page 46 and 47: 22 Erik Cohen The new sources of en
Page 48 and 49: 24 Erik Cohen Johnson, P., 1981 : S
Page 50 and 51: 26 Marjorie A. Muecke hypothesis do
Page 52 and 53: 28 Marjorie A. Muecke inductively f
Page 54 and 55: 30 Marjorie A. Muecke be celibate a
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Page 62 and 63: 38 Marjorie A. Muecke SUMMARY AND C
Page 64 and 65: 40 Marjorie A. Muecke The above ana
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AHOM AND THE STUDY OF EARLY TAl SOC
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44 Barelid Jan Terwiel established,
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46 Barend Jan Terwiel ~hao : "chief
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48 Barend Jan Terwiel khon : neutra
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50 Barend Jan Terwiel the early hie
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52 Barend Jan Terwiel Part I. Vowel
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54 Barend Jan Terwiel khunp"ii: "th
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56 Barend Jan Terwiel that which wa
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58 Barend Jan Terwiel chief over tw
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60 Barend Jan Terwiel supports the
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62 Barend Jan Terwiel Dieu Chinh Nh
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64 B. Paul Durrenberger In Napachat
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66 B. Paul Durrenberger brings flow
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68 E. Paul Durrenberger to call the
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70 E. Paul Durrenberger People fire
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72 E. Paul Durrenberger In offering
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74 E. Paul Durrenberger Spiro, M.E.
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76 Oskar von Hiniiber As far as the
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78 Oskar von Hiniiber local traditi
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80 Oskar von Hiniiber literature, D
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82 Oskar von Hiniiber elsewhere. Al
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84 Oskar von Hiniiber 1955 p. 61 po
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86 Oskar von Hiniiber kif!ZSU jhatv
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88 Oskar von Hiniiber time under Si
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90 David L. Gosling market and fina
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92 . .bl\vicl.l .. Go!!iipg ... ·
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94 David t. Gosling By contrast the
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96 David L. Gosling of their involv
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98 David L. Gosling ·-The northern
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100 David L Gosllng I got ordained
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. . 102 .David. L. GosliDg._ and ma
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104 David L. Gosling wat, and it ma
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106' David L. Gosling and at the ag
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108 David L. Gosling III The Scope
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110 David L. Gosling· . Her kindne
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112 David'L. Gosling . TABLE ~I : A
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114 David .L~ Ci.o!J!ins . (2) .it.
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· It is when one puts together the
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118 .. -.. · bavid t,:Gostilis--'-
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120 David L. Gosling ... CF~r monks
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122 Richard P. Lando It is a usual
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124 Richard P. Lando the cult, call
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126 Richard P. Lando are watered by
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128 Richard P. Lando Victorious War
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130 Richard P. Lando will promise a
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132 Richard P. Lando ,elders. The R
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134 Richard P. Lando ers of invocat
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136 Richard P. Lando 3rd Day of the
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138 Richard P. Lando · They have w
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140 Richard P. Lando collect the co
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142 Richard P. Lando mony, was even
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144 Richard P. Lando with nearby fi
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146 Richard P. Lando seriously affe
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148 Richard P. Lando Kaida, Yoshish
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150 Anthony R. Walker on the Lahu N
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1S2 Anthony'R. Walker literacy pred
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154 Anthony R. Walker "hunter".'S I
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156 Anthony R. Wa~er the American B
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158 Anthony R. Walker · of the 35,
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160 Anthony R. Walker during the mo
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..... 0\ N LAHU NYI HO USE PLAN [ g
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164 Anthony R. Walker room for hims
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166 Anthony R. Walker In contrast t
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• 168 Anthony R. Walker · The t_
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liO Anthony R. Walker Other than th
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172 Anthony R. Walker ideal village
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174 Anthony R. Walker Nyi believe e
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116 · ,.. Anthony k; Wa1ker ···
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178 Anthony R.-Wal_ker If there is
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18Q · ::Anthony k. Walker.· 5. Le
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182 Anthony ttwaiker · 3. Oh, here
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184 AnthonyR. Walker . -4. Nga" ·l
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186 Anthony R. Walker small hole at
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190 Anthony R. Walker 4. Kay haw ya
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192 AnthonyR. Walker 8. · Ya" du"
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194 Anthony R. Walker ·,, j. TEXT
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196 .. TEXT SIX: PRIEST'S PR~YER TO
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198 .Anthony Jt:Walkl'r · ... ~ 6.
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200 . _ Anthony.R._Walker GEDDES, W
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. . . Anthony R •. Walker NCNA (N
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. 2.0~ . ~·. .. . ,; ... WALKER, ~
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206 Anthony R. Walker 1978b 1978c 1
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7, A main house support ~. Preparin
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'NOTES •·NOTES· ON -ANGKOR WAT.
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Figure 3. Detail of "Siamese troops
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Figure 7. "'~The author at Angkor i
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.REVIEWS Asian Action Newsletter of
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Douglas R. Webster, ed., The Southe
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214 J e.lf rey Sng David Wurfel not
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216 Kusuma Raksamani ·. The writer
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218 Karuna Kusalasaya "Khamen Sai Y
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M.C. Subhadradis Disku1, ed., the A
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222 hetty Gosling of archaeological
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'VH:l'U1'UOUJ . . . cv cv ~ ulJ1U1'
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226 S. Sivaraksa mittee set up to i
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22s .. : \Viiliam J. Klausner conte
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230 :Phra ~racha Pasannadhamnto The
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232 Uthai Dulyakasem In addition, t
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Bantorn Ondam an4 Stephen Teo, eds.
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Sulak Sivaraksa, A Buddhist Vision
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238 David L. Gosling BuddJ:lism the
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Vichitvong N. Pombhejara, Pridi Ban
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l42 Michael Smithies · Bach of the
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244 ..... -· : ... Nicholas Tapp ~
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U Bo Kay, Pagan Thuteithana Lanhyun
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Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian Patriot,
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250 Michael Smithies Nanyang Techno
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• isi Michael Smithies revenge an
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254 Michael Smithies /'t.s a nQvel,
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256 Michael Smi~hies Much more char
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Koson Srisang, ed., Perspectives on
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260 Scri Phongphit role within that
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OBITUARY HOMMAGE A L'INSPIRATEUR ·
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ANNUAL REPORTS .The Houorary Audito
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THE SIAM SOCIETY . STATEMENTS OF RE
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Minutes of the Annual General Meeti
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Annual Reports ~69 The following we
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Annual Reports 271 STAFF:. Mr. Jann
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ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMIT
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ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATURAL HISTOR
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ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PUBLICATIONS C
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ANNUAL REPORT OF THE·ART AND CULTU
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Annual Reports 281 Thus inspired by
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Annual" Reports 283 20 April 22 Apr
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ADD.aar Reports. 28·5 10-13 Septem
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Annual Reports 287 12-13 March 24 M
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Annual Reports 289 Mr. John Michael
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Annual Reports 291 * Miss Seela Cha
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Auual B.oports 293 Mr. Hans-Jurgan
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Annual Reports 295 * M.R. Patanacha
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Annual Reports 297 * Miss Elizabeth
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Annual Reports 299 Mr. Alois Payer
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0 * Annual Reports 301 Mr. Ulrich S
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Annual Reports 303 Dr. Barend J. Te
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LIST OF INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIBERS A
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Annual Reports 307 W-Germany Univer
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An~ual Reports S09 INDIA JAPAN MALA
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PUBLICATIONS OF THE SIAM SOCIETY ID
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THE SIAM SOCIETY UNDER ROYAL PATRON
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The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXI, Part 1-2, 1983 - Khamkoo

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