120 Box, M. A., S. A. W. Gerstl, and C. Simmer, Computation of atmospheric radiative effects via perturbation <strong>the</strong>ory, Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 62, 193–199, 1989. Bransden, B., and C. J. Joacha<strong>in</strong>, Physics of atoms and molecules, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, UK, 1996. Br<strong>in</strong>kmann, R. T., <strong>Rotational</strong> <strong>Raman</strong> <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> planetary <strong>atmosphere</strong>s, Astrophys. J., 154, 1087–1093, 1968. Bucholtz, A., Rayleigh <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> calculations for <strong>the</strong> terrestrial <strong>atmosphere</strong>, Appl. Opt., 34, 2765–2773, 1995. Burrows, J., M. Vountas, H. Haug, K. Chance, L. Marquard, K. Muirhead, U. Platt, A. Richter, and V. Rozanov, Study of <strong>the</strong> R<strong>in</strong>g effect, Techn. rept. 10996/94/NL/CN, ESA, Noordwijk, The Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands, 1996. Burrows, J. P., A. Dehn, B. Deters, S. Himmelmann, A. Richter, S. Voigt, and J. Orphal, Atmospheric remote-sens<strong>in</strong>g reference data from GOME: 2. Temperature-dependent absorption cross sections of O 3 <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 231–794 nm range, J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Tr., 61, 509–517, 1999a. Burrows, J. P., et al., The Global Ozone Monitor<strong>in</strong>g Experiment (GOME): Mission concept and first scientific results, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 151–175, 1999b. Callies, J. E., E. Corpaccioli, M. Eis<strong>in</strong>ger, A. Hahne, and A. Lefebvre, GOME-2 - Metop’s second-generation sensor for operational ozone monitor<strong>in</strong>g, ESA BULL-EUR SPACE, 102, 28–36, 2000. Carter, L. L., H. G. Horak, and M. T. Sandford, An adjo<strong>in</strong>t monte carlo treatment of <strong>the</strong> equation of radiative transfer for polarized light, J. Comp. Phys., 26, 119–138, 1978. Chance, K., Analysis of BrO measurements from <strong>the</strong> Global Ozone Monitor<strong>in</strong>g Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 25, 3335– 3338, 1998. Chance, K., and R. J. D. Spurr, R<strong>in</strong>g effect studies: Rayleigh <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g molecular parameters for rotational <strong>Raman</strong> <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, and <strong>the</strong> Fraunhofer spectrum, Appl. Opt., 36, 5224–5230, 1997. Chance, K., T. P. Kurosu, and C. E. Sioris, Undersampl<strong>in</strong>g correction for array detector-based satellite spectrometers, Appl. Opt., 44, 1296–1304, 2005. Chandrasekhar, S., Radiative transfer, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, USA, 1960. Coulson, K. L., Polarization and <strong>in</strong>tensity of light <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>atmosphere</strong>, A. Deepak Publish<strong>in</strong>g, 1988. Daniel, J. S., S. Solomon, H. L. Miller, A. O. Langford, R. W. Portmann, and C. S. Eubank, Retriev<strong>in</strong>g cloud <strong>in</strong>formation from passive measurements of solar radiation absorbed by molecular oxygen and O 2 -O 2 , J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4515, doi:10.1029/2002JD002,994, 2003. de Beek, R., M. Vountas, V. V. Rozanov, A. Richter, and J. P. Borrwos, The R<strong>in</strong>g effect <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> cloudy <strong>atmosphere</strong>, Geophys. Res. Let., 28, 721–724, 2001. de Haan, J., P. Bosma, and J. Hovenier, The add<strong>in</strong>g method for multiple <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> calculations of polarized light, Astron. Astrophys., 181, 371–391, 1987. Domke, H., and E. G. Yanovitskij, Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple of <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>variance applied to <strong>the</strong> computation of <strong>in</strong>ternal polarized radiation <strong>in</strong> multilayered <strong>atmosphere</strong>s, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 36, 175–186, 1986. Eis<strong>in</strong>ger, M., and J. Burrows, Tropospheric sulfur dioxide observed by <strong>the</strong> ERS-2 GOME <strong>in</strong>strument, Geophys. Res. Let., 25, 4177–4180, 1998.
References 121 Ellery, A., D. Wynn-Williams, J. Parnell, H. G. M. Edwards, and D. Dickensheets, The role of <strong>Raman</strong> spectroscopy as an astrobiological tool <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> exploration of Mars, J. <strong>Raman</strong> Spectrosc., 35, 441–457, 2004. Fish, D. J., and R. L. Jones, <strong>Rotational</strong> <strong>Raman</strong> <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> and <strong>the</strong> R<strong>in</strong>g effect <strong>in</strong> zenith sky spectra, Geophys. Res. Let., 22, 811–814, 1995. Fletcher, P., and F. Lodge (Eds.), GOME Geophysical Validation Campaign ESA WPP-108, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 1996. Gerstl, S., Application of modern neutron transport methods to atmospheric radiative transfer, <strong>in</strong> Volume of extended abstracts, International Radiation Symposium, pp. 500–502, Colarado, 1980. Gra<strong>in</strong>ger, J. F., and J. R<strong>in</strong>g, Anomalous Fraunhofer l<strong>in</strong>e profiles, Nature, 193, 762–762, 1962. Greenblatt, G. D., J. J. Orlando, J. B. Burkholder, and A. R. Ravishankara, Absorption measurements of oxygen between 330 and 1140 nm, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18,577–18,582, 1990. Gueymard, C. A., The sun’s total and spectral irradiance for solar energy applications and solar radiation models, Solar Energy, 76, 423–453, 2004. Gurlit, W., et al., The UV-A and visible solar irradiance spectrum: <strong>in</strong>ter-comparison of absolutely calibrated, spectrally medium resolution solar irradiance spectra from balloon- and satellite-borne measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1879–1890, 2005. Hansen, J., Multiple <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> of polarized light <strong>in</strong> planetary <strong>atmosphere</strong>s: Part I <strong>the</strong> doubl<strong>in</strong>g method, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 120–125, 1971. Hansen, J., and L. Travis, Light <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> planetary <strong>atmosphere</strong>s, Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527–610, 1974a. Hansen, J. E., and L. D. Travis, Light <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> planetary <strong>atmosphere</strong>s, Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527–610, 1974b. Hansen, P., Analysis of discrete ill posed problems by means of <strong>the</strong> L-curve, SIAM Rev., 34, 561–580, 1992. Hansen, P., and D. O’Leary, The use of <strong>the</strong> L-curve <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> regularization of discrete ill posed problems, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 14, 1487–1503, 1993. Hasekamp, O. P., and J. Landgraf, Ozone profile retrieval from backscattered ultraviolet radiances: The <strong>in</strong>verse problem solved by regularization, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8077–8088, 2001. Hasekamp, O. P., and J. Landgraf, A l<strong>in</strong>earized vector radiative transfer model for atmospheric trace gas retrieval, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 75, 2002. Hasekamp, O. P., and J. Landgraf, Retrieval of aerosol properties over <strong>the</strong> ocean from multispectral s<strong>in</strong>gle-view<strong>in</strong>g-angle measurements of <strong>in</strong>tensity and polarization: Retrieval approach, <strong>in</strong>formation content, and sensitivity study, J. Geophys. Res., 110, 2005. Hasekamp, O. P., J. Landgraf, and R. van Oss, The need of polarization model<strong>in</strong>g for ozone profile retrieval from backscattered sunlight, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4692, doi: 1029/2002JD002,387, 2002. Herman, B., and S. Brown<strong>in</strong>g, A numerical solution to <strong>the</strong> equation of radiative transfer, J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 559–566, 1965. Hovenier, J., Multiple <strong>scatter<strong>in</strong>g</strong> of polarized light <strong>in</strong> planetary <strong>atmosphere</strong>s, Astron. Astrophys., 13, 7–29, 1971.
- Page 1 and 2:
VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Rotational Raman
- Page 5 and 6:
Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Obser
- Page 7 and 8:
1 Introduction 1.1 Observing skylig
- Page 9 and 10:
Introduction 3 Extracting the wealt
- Page 11 and 12:
Introduction 5 and Spurr, 1997, Vou
- Page 13 and 14:
Introduction 7 energy: E rot (v,J)
- Page 15 and 16:
Introduction 9 Figure 1.4: Probabil
- Page 17 and 18:
Introduction 11 scattered radiance
- Page 19 and 20:
Introduction 13 approximation in wh
- Page 21 and 22:
Introduction 15 scattering have bee
- Page 23 and 24:
2 A doubling-adding method to inclu
- Page 25 and 26:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 27 and 28:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 29 and 30:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 31 and 32:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 33 and 34:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 35 and 36:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 37 and 38:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 39 and 40:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 41 and 42:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 43:
A doubling-adding method to include
- Page 46 and 47:
40 Chapter 3 nm with a spectral res
- Page 48 and 49:
42 Chapter 3 contributions of lower
- Page 50 and 51:
44 Chapter 3 if we use the effectiv
- Page 52 and 53:
46 Chapter 3 This in turn results i
- Page 54 and 55:
48 Chapter 3 This may be shown in a
- Page 56 and 57:
50 Chapter 3 The forward and adjoin
- Page 58 and 59:
52 Chapter 3 Here, ∆ = diag [1, 1
- Page 60 and 61:
54 Chapter 3 Figure 3.3: Relative R
- Page 62 and 63:
56 Chapter 3 biases the simulation
- Page 64 and 65:
58 Chapter 3 3.4.2 Approximation me
- Page 66 and 67:
60 Chapter 3 where I ram,app and I
- Page 68 and 69:
62 Chapter 3 3.5 Simulation of pola
- Page 70 and 71:
64 Chapter 3 Figure 3.10: Relative
- Page 72 and 73:
66 Chapter 3 dependence on the vert
- Page 74 and 75:
68 Chapter 3 Figure 3.13: Same as F
- Page 76 and 77: 70 Chapter 3 3.6 Summary A vector r
- Page 78 and 79: 72 Chapter 3 where λ is the wavele
- Page 80 and 81: 74 Chapter 3 where S l is the expan
- Page 82 and 83: 76 Chapter 3 3.C Appendix: Evaluati
- Page 85 and 86: 4 Accurate modeling of spectral fin
- Page 87 and 88: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 89 and 90: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 91 and 92: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 93 and 94: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 95 and 96: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 97 and 98: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 99 and 100: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 101 and 102: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
- Page 103 and 104: 5 Retrieval of cloud properties fro
- Page 105 and 106: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 107 and 108: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 109 and 110: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 111 and 112: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 113 and 114: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 115 and 116: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 117 and 118: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 119 and 120: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 121 and 122: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 123 and 124: Retrieval of cloud properties from
- Page 125: References Aben, I., F. Helderman,
- Page 129 and 130: References 123 Lacis, A. A., J. Cho
- Page 131 and 132: References 125 Schulz, F., K. Stamn
- Page 133 and 134: Summary A spectrum of sunlight that
- Page 135 and 136: Summary 129 Earth radiance spectrum
- Page 137 and 138: Samenvatting Het door de aardatmosf
- Page 139 and 140: Samenvatting 133 met een vector-mod
- Page 141: List of publications Peer-reviewed