Rotational Raman scattering in the Earth's atmosphere ... - SRON

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58 Chapter 3 3.4.2 Approximation methods The calculation of Ring spectra with the proposed vector radiative transfer model are numerically expensive and thus approximation methods are desirable for applications to large data sets. One of the most simple approximations of radiative transfer is the single scattering approach. Numerically it can be implemented in a straightforward manner and simulations require only minor computational effort. However, the contribution of multiple scattered light δ msc to the Stokes parameters I, Q, and U can be significant with a clear dependence on wavelength. This is demonstrated in Fig. 3.7. Below 300 nm the Stokes parameters are mainly determined by singly scattered light due to the strong ozone absorption in this spectral range. But at about 320 nm the multiple scattering contribution reaches its maximum of about 55% for the radiance component. For the polarization components Q and U the contribution is somewhat less. So one expects significant errors in Ring spectra that are calculated in the single scattering approximation. Figure 3.7: Relative contribution of multiple scattering δ msc to the Stokes parameter I, Q and U. Same model atmosphere and same solar and viewing geometries as in Fig. 3.2. To compare Ring spectra that are calculated with different radiative transfer models, it is essential that they are normalized with respect to the same reference spectrum. Otherwise artifacts may be introduced in the analysis originating from the different normalization. Thus, in this study we normalize all Ring spectra to the corresponding vector radiative transfer simulation, e.g., R I,app = I ram,app − I ray,app I ray,vec , (3.57)
A vector radiative transfer model using the perturbation theory approach 59 Figure 3.8: Absolute differences D I = R I,ssc −R I,vec and analogous expressions for D Q and D U . Here, R I,ssc is the single scattering Ring spectrum and R I,vec is the corresponding Ring spectrum calculated with the vector radiative transfer model. Same model atmosphere and same solar and viewing geometries as in Fig. 3.2.
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VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Rotational Raman
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Obser
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1 Introduction 1.1 Observing skylig
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Introduction 3 Extracting the wealt
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Introduction 5 and Spurr, 1997, Vou
Page 13 and 14: Introduction 7 energy: E rot (v,J)
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 9 Figure 1.4: Probabil
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 11 scattered radiance
Page 19 and 20: Introduction 13 approximation in wh
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 15 scattering have bee
Page 23 and 24: 2 A doubling-adding method to inclu
Page 25 and 26: A doubling-adding method to include
Page 43: A doubling-adding method to include
Page 46 and 47: 40 Chapter 3 nm with a spectral res
Page 48 and 49: 42 Chapter 3 contributions of lower
Page 50 and 51: 44 Chapter 3 if we use the effectiv
Page 52 and 53: 46 Chapter 3 This in turn results i
Page 54 and 55: 48 Chapter 3 This may be shown in a
Page 56 and 57: 50 Chapter 3 The forward and adjoin
Page 58 and 59: 52 Chapter 3 Here, ∆ = diag [1, 1
Page 60 and 61: 54 Chapter 3 Figure 3.3: Relative R
Page 62 and 63: 56 Chapter 3 biases the simulation
Page 66 and 67: 60 Chapter 3 where I ram,app and I
Page 68 and 69: 62 Chapter 3 3.5 Simulation of pola
Page 70 and 71: 64 Chapter 3 Figure 3.10: Relative
Page 72 and 73: 66 Chapter 3 dependence on the vert
Page 74 and 75: 68 Chapter 3 Figure 3.13: Same as F
Page 76 and 77: 70 Chapter 3 3.6 Summary A vector r
Page 78 and 79: 72 Chapter 3 where λ is the wavele
Page 80 and 81: 74 Chapter 3 where S l is the expan
Page 82 and 83: 76 Chapter 3 3.C Appendix: Evaluati
Page 85 and 86: 4 Accurate modeling of spectral fin
Page 87 and 88: Accurate modeling of spectral fine-
Page 103 and 104: 5 Retrieval of cloud properties fro
Page 105 and 106: Retrieval of cloud properties from
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Retrieval of cloud properties from
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References Aben, I., F. Helderman,
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References 121 Ellery, A., D. Wynn-
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References 123 Lacis, A. A., J. Cho
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References 125 Schulz, F., K. Stamn
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Summary A spectrum of sunlight that
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Summary 129 Earth radiance spectrum
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Samenvatting Het door de aardatmosf
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Samenvatting 133 met een vector-mod
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