Rotational Raman scattering in the Earth's atmosphere ... - SRON

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3 A vector radiative transfer model using the perturbation theory approach This chapter has been published as “Rotational Raman scattering of polarized light in the Earth’s atmosphere: A vector radiative transfer model using the radiative transfer perturbation theory approach” in J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 87, 399–433 (2004) and was authored by J. Landgraf and co-authored by O. P. Hasekamp, R. van Deelen and E. A. A. Aben. Abstract A plane-parallel vector radiative transfer model is presented to simulate the effect of rotational Raman scattering on radiance and polarization properties of sunlight reflected by the Earth atmosphere in the ultraviolet and visible part of the solar spectrum. The model employs the radiative transfer perturbation theory, which treats inelastic rotational Raman scattering as a perturbation to elastic Rayleigh scattering. The approach provides a perturbation series expansion for a simulated radiation quantity, where each term describes the effect of one additional order of Raman scattering. The model is worked out in detail to first order. Here, the adjoint formulation of radiative transfer reduces significantly the numerical effort of computational applications. Numerical simulations are presented for the ultraviolet part of the solar spectrum and the effect of Raman scattering on the Stokes parameters I, Q and U of the reflected sunlight is studied. Furthermore, the accuracy of both the single scattering approximation and the scalar radiative transfer approach is considered for the simulation of Ring structures. The use of these approximation techniques is investigated for the simulation of Ring structures in polarization sensitive GOME measurements. 3.1 Introduction Satellite measurements of backscattered sunlight in the ultraviolet and visible part of the solar spectrum contain essential information about the composition of the atmosphere. In the years 1978-2002 a series of Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments were launched on NASA’s NOAA satellites, which measure the backscattered ultraviolet radiances at 12 wavelengths between 250–340
Page 1 and 2: VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Rotational Raman
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Obser
Page 7 and 8: 1 Introduction 1.1 Observing skylig
Page 9 and 10: Introduction 3 Extracting the wealt
Page 11 and 12: Introduction 5 and Spurr, 1997, Vou
Page 13 and 14: Introduction 7 energy: E rot (v,J)
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 9 Figure 1.4: Probabil
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 11 scattered radiance
Page 19 and 20: Introduction 13 approximation in wh
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 15 scattering have bee
Page 23 and 24: 2 A doubling-adding method to inclu
Page 25 and 26: A doubling-adding method to include
Page 43: A doubling-adding method to include
Page 47 and 48: A vector radiative transfer model u
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88 Chapter 4 4.4 Retrieval of a sol
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90 Chapter 4 Figure 4.4: null-space
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92 Chapter 4 for a possible erroneo
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94 Chapter 4 The mean residuals for
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96 Chapter 4 the spectrometer. Furt
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98 Chapter 5 5.1 Introduction Satel
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100 Chapter 5 circumvent time-consu
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102 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1: Reflectiv
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104 Chapter 5 To summarize, in the
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106 Chapter 5 5.5 Information conte
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108 Chapter 5 Figure 5.4: Same as F
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110 Chapter 5 well. With the obtain
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112 Chapter 5 extracted only from t
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114 Chapter 5 for the combination o
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116 Chapter 5 Figure 5.8: Same as F
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118 Chapter 5 in the NUV considerab
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120 Box, M. A., S. A. W. Gerstl, an
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122 Hovenier, J. W., and C. V. M. v
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124 Minnaert, M., De natuurkunde va
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126 Tikhonov, A., On the solution o
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128 scattering. This model is descr
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130 2. The high degree of accuracy
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132 van de polarisatie-eigenschappe
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134 het Ring effect en levert op de
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