Volume 6 – Geotechnical Manual, Site Investigation and Engineering ...

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Chapter 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE List of Table Table Description Page 1.1 Planning a Ground Investigation 1-6 1.2 Recommended Number and Depth of Borings 1-7 1.3 Relative Merits of In Situ and Laboratory Testing 1-14 1.4 Common Uses of In Situ and Laboratory Tests 1-15 1.5 Standards Available for In Situ Testing 1-15 1.6 Standards Available for Laboratory Testing of Soils 1-16 List of Figures Figure Description Page 1.1 Alignment of Boreholes 1-8 1.2 Necessary Borehole Depths for Foundations 1-10 1.3 Required Depth of Exploration 1-12 1.4 Light Percussion Drilling Rig (Courtesy Of Pilcon Engineering Ltd) 1-18 1.5 Light Percussion Drilling Tools 1-19 1.6 Bucket Auger 1-19 1.7 Selection of Hand-Operated Augers 1-20 1.8 Washboring Rig (Based On Hvorslev 1949) 1-21 1.9 Bits for Rotary Open Holing 1-22 1.10 Sample Borelog indicating Logging of Soil and Rock in a Borehole 1-23 1.11 Mackintosh Probe 1-25 1-ii March 2009
Chapter 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE 1.1 INTRODUCTION One of the more important tasks to be considered, prior to carrying out soil investigations (SI) is to first understand clearly what is intended for the project in terms of design and construction, and the existing conditions of the site on which the project is to be established. Accordingly, where available, the requisite information to be had at the early stages of SI planning includes the detailed collection, inspection and study of the following: i. Topographic Maps: assist in or complement the examination of earthworks, soft ground and or or slope for site reconnaissance and planning of SI; ii. iii. iv. Geological Maps and Memoirs: assist with the planning of SI; methods of SI; and in deciding the extent of field and laboratory testing required or necessary; Site Histories: a good understanding and appreciation of the existence of old foundations, tunnel, underground services and etc. will provide for better SI planning; Results of Adjacent and Nearby SI: provide for a more efficient and economical SI; v. Details of Adjacent Structures and Foundations: provide for better safety assessment and prevention of foundation failure or settlement of adjacent properties due to current or proposed foundation works; and vi. Aerial Photographs: provide indication of geomorphological features, land use, problem areas and layout arrangements, and are particularly useful for highways and hillslope developments. 1.2 GENERAL By general convention, site investigation can be defined as the process by which geological, geotechnical, and other relevant information which might affect the construction and performance of a civil engineering project is acquired. Due to the irregular nature of its deposition and its creation through the many processes out of a wide variety of materials, soils and rocks are notoriously variable, and often have properties which are undesirable from the point of view of a proposed structure. Often, the decision to develop a particular site cannot often be made on the basis of its complete suitability from the engineering viewpoint. Thus geotechnical problems may occur and require geotechnical parameters for their solution. 1.3 OBJECTIVES Referring to the definitions as specified by the various Codes of Practices (BS CP 2001:1950, 1957; BS 5930:1981 & MS 2038:2006), the objectives of site investigation can be summarized and adopted herein as providing data for the following. i. Site selection. The construction of certain major projects, such as dams, is dependent on the availability of a suitable site. Clearly, if the plan is to build on the cheapest, most readily available land, geotechnical problems due to the high permeability of the sub-soil, or to slope instability may make the final cost of the construction prohibitive. Since the safety of lives and property are at stake, it is important to consider the geotechnical merits or demerits of various sites before the site is chosen for a project of such magnitude. March 2009 1-1
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Foreword The fi
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 List of Volumes
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Registration of
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 List of Symbols
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CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
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CHAPTER 5 BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
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CHAPTER 7 RETAINING WALL
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Chapter 7 RETAINING WALL List of Ta
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CHAPTER 9 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
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CHAPTER 4 LAB TESTING FOR SOILS
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PART 3: ENGINEERING SURVEY
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Chapter 1 GEOMATICS AND LAND SURVEY
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CHAPTER 2 MAP PROJECTION
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CHAPTER 5 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SY
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CHAPTER 6 CHECKLIST FOR TERRAIN FEA
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Chapter 6 CHECKLIST FOR TERRAIN FEA
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Volume 6 – Geotechnical Manual, Site Investigation and Engineering ...

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