Volume 6 – Geotechnical Manual, Site Investigation and Engineering ...

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Chapter 2 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN PROCESS Site Investigation/ laboratory Testing Established Theory Experience and Judgment Figure 2.3 Combination of Sources of Information in Geotechnical Design 2.2.4 Designer’s Analysis and Design Some the common geotechnical analysis and design carried out by the Department include evaluation and determination of the soil bearing capacity, settlement, seepage forces; and stability of slope, earth retaining structures as well as the selection of effective soil and geosynthetic filter in sub-soil drainage. In carrying out the analysis and design, sound engineering by experience geotechnical engineer should be incorporated to compensate for the many uncertainties in actual soil behavior, which should take into consideration the following factors: • Required reliability or acceptable probability of failure • Consequence of failure • Degree of uncertainties in soil properties and applied loads • Compromise between cost and reliability • Degree of ignorance of the structure behaviour 2.2.5 Check Compliance and Need for Modification during Construction During construction, site operation shall be checked for compliance with the method of construction assumed in the design. Also, observation and measurements of the structure and its surrounding may necessitate some remedial measures or alterations to the construction sequence, for example the unexpected excessive settlement of the embankment under construction would warrant the review of the design and proposed sequence of construction. In fact, a great deal of geotechnical information can be gathered during construction phase of a project, particularly those involving huge volume of earth excavation or exposure where the actual ground conditions can be identified. These information should then be used to validate the geotechnical design assumptions or soil parameters and if necessary, to revise and modify the design accordingly. 2-6 March 2009
Chapter 2 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN PROCESS 2.2.6 Post Construction Monitoring and Verification of Structure Performance A geotechnical design should not be considered completed upon the completion of the construction works. The designer should also be involved in post-construction activities such as visual observation and inspection of the structure; gathering and analyzing results of instrumentation monitoring to ensure its long-term performance and identified any necessary maintenance work. Any lesson learned from the design stage to the completion of the construction works should be adequately documented for future references. March 2009 2-7
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CHAPTER 7 RETAINING WALL
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PART 2: SOIL INVESTIGATION
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PART 3: ENGINEERING SURVEY
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CHAPTER 6 CHECKLIST FOR TERRAIN FEA
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