Volume 6 – Geotechnical Manual, Site Investigation and Engineering ...

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Chapter 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE • Barrel auger; and • Spiral auger. Figure 1.7 shows a selection of these augers. 1.7.2.3 Wash Boring Figure 1.7 Selection of Hand-Operated Augers Wash boring is a relatively old method of boring small-diameter exploratory holes in fine-grained cohesive and non-cohesive soils. It was widely used in the USA in the first half of this century, but has been largely replaced by power auger methods. It is still used in areas of the world where labour is relatively cheap, for example southern Brazil. A very light tripod is erected, and a sheave is hung from it (Fig. 1.8). In its simplest form there are no motorized winches and the drilling water is pumped either by hand, or by a small petrol-driven water pump. Hollow drilling rods are connected to the pump via a flexible hose, and the drilling crew lift the string of rods by hand, or using a ‘cathead’ (a continuously rotating steel drum, around which a manilla rope is wound). 1-20 March 2009
Chapter 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE Figure 1.8 Washboring Rig (Based On Hvorslev 1949) 1.7.3 Drilling Rotary drilling uses a rotary action combined with downward force to grind away the material in which a hole is being made. Rotary methods may be applied to soil or rock, but are generally easier to use in strong intact rock than in the weak weathered rocks and soils that are typically encountered during ground investigations. For a detailed description of equipment and methods the reader is referred to Heinz (1989). 1.7.3.1 Open-Holing Rotary methods may be used to produce a hole in rock, or they may be used to obtain samples of the rock while the hole is being advanced. The formation of a hole in the subsoil without taking intact samples is known as ‘open-holing’. It can be carried out in a number of ways, but in site investigation a commonly used tool is the ‘tricone rock roller bit’ (or roller core bit) (Fig. 1.9). 1.7.3.2 Coring The most common use of rotary coring in ground investigations is to obtain intact samples of the rock being drilled, at the same time as advancing the borehole. To do this a corebarrel, fitted with a ‘corebit’ at its lower end, is rotated and grinds away an annulus of rock. The stick of rock, the ‘core’, in the centre of the annulus passes up into the corebarrel, and is subsequently removed from the borehole when the corebarrel is full. The length of core drilled before it becomes necessary to remove and empty the corebarrel is termed a ‘run’. March 2009 1-21
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GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT O
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Foreword The fi
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 List of Volumes
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Registration of
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CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
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Chapter 2 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN PROCE
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CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
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Chapter 4 SOIL SETTLEMENT Table of
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CHAPTER 7 RETAINING WALL
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PART 3: ENGINEERING SURVEY
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CHAPTER 6 CHECKLIST FOR TERRAIN FEA
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