Volume 6 – Geotechnical Manual, Site Investigation and Engineering ...

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Chapter 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE Table 1.1 Planning a Ground Investigation Stage Action Responsibility of I Obtain the services of an experienced geotechnical Developer or client specialist II Carry out desk study and air photograph or LIDAR (if Geotechnical specialist available) interpretation to determine the probable ground conditions at the site III Conceptual design: optimize construction to minimize geotechnical risk Architect, structural engineer, geotechnical specialist IV Identify parameters required for detailed Geotechnical specialist geotechnical calculations V Plan ground investigation to determine ground Geotechnical specialist conditions, and their variation, and to obtain geotechnical parameters. VI Define methods of investigation and testing to be Geotechnical specialist used VII Determine minimum acceptable standards for Geotechnical specialist ground investigation work VIII Identify suitable methods of procurement Geotechnical specialist, lead professional design, developer or client 1.6.1 Spacing of Pits and Borings The required spacing depends very much on the size and type of the project and on the terrain and subsurface conditions. For a start, borings should initially be widely spaced and subsequently, intermediate borings can be carried out as required, so that sections can be drawn with reasonable accuracy. In uniform conditions, spacing may be 25m to 150m or more but spacings of 10m or less may be required to examine detailed problems and or or in erratic conditions. Examples of typical spacing requirements are given in Table 1.2 and illustrated in Fig 1.1. Where structures are to be founded on slopes, the overall stability of the structure and the slope must obviously be investigated, and to this end a deep borehole near the top of the slope will be very useful. It must be emphasised however, that the requirements of individual sites may vary considerably from those given. 1-6 March 2009
Chapter 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE Table 1.2 Recommended Number and Depth of Borings LOCATION TO BE INVESTIGATED NEW SITE OF FAIRLY WIIDE EXTENT FOUNDATIONS FOR STRUCTURES Low-rise, 1 or 2 Storey Buildings Multi-storey Buildings Buildings on Poor or Variable Grounds Bridge piers, Abutments, STABILITY SLOPES ROADS, RUNWAYS PIPELINES OF AND BORROW PITS (for compacted fill) DISTANCE BETWEEN BORINGS (m) Horizontal Stratification of Soil Uniform Average Erratic MINIMUM NUMBER OF BORINGS REQUIRED (nos.) RECOMMENDED MINIMUM DEPTH - - - 5 to 10 - 60 30 15 45 30 15 - - - - 30 7.5 - - - - - 1 to 3 for each structure 2 to 4 for each structure 2 to 4 for each structure 1 to 3 for each pier or abutment 3 to 5 along each critical section 250 150 30 - 300 - 150 150 - 60 30 - 15 - - 1.5 times width of loaded or plan area 1.5 times width of loaded or plan area or up to 6m into firm or hard layer or 3m into bedrock, whichever encountered earlier Up to 9m into firm or hard layer or 4.5m into bedrock, whichever encountered layer Up to 10.5m into firm or hard layer or 6m into bedrock, whichever encountered layer Below slip plane or 6m into firm or hard layer or 3m into bedrock, whichever encountered earlier 2m to 3m below formation for roads, 6m below formation for runways, 0.5m below invert for pipelines March 2009 1-7
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GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT O
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Foreword The fi
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 List of Volumes
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Registration of
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 List of Symbols
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CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
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Chapter 1 GENERAL (This page is int
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Chapter 2 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN PROCE
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CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
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Chapter 4 SOIL SETTLEMENT Table of
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CHAPTER 5 BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
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Chapter 6 SLOPE STABILITY Table of
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CHAPTER 7 RETAINING WALL
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Chapter 7 RETAINING WALL List of Ta
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Chapter 7 RETAINING WALL Figure 7.8
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Chapter 7 RETAINING WALL 7.4.3 Late
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Chapter 7 RETAINING WALL In general
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Chapter 8 GROUND IMPROVEMENT Table
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CHAPTER 9 FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
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CHAPTER 4 LAB TESTING FOR SOILS
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PART 3: ENGINEERING SURVEY
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Chapter 1 GEOMATICS AND LAND SURVEY
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CHAPTER 2 MAP PROJECTION
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CHAPTER 5 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SY
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CHAPTER 6 CHECKLIST FOR TERRAIN FEA
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Chapter 6 CHECKLIST FOR TERRAIN FEA
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