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Chapter 3 IN-SITU GEOTECHNICAL TESTING Figure 3.6 Electric Friction Cone (Largely After Meigh 1987) Interpretation and use The basic measurements made by a cone are: 1. The axial force necessary to drive the 10 cm 2 cone into the ground at constant velocity; and 2. The axial force generated by adhesion or friction acting over the 150 cm 2 areaa of the friction jacket. For piezocones, the basic measurement is the pore pressure developed as penetration proceeds. Routine calculations convert these measurements into cone resistance, local side friction and friction ratio. 3-8 March 2009
Chapter 3 IN-SITU GEOTECHNICAL TESTING Cone resistance, q c (normally in MPa) can be calculated from: (3.2) where F 10cm 2 c = force required to push the cone . into the ground, and A c plan area of the cone, i. .e. Local side friction, f s (normally in MPa), can be calculated from: (3.3) where F s shear force on the friction sleeve, and A s = area of the friction sleeve, i.e. 150 cm 2 . Friction ratio, R f (in %), can be calculated from: (3.4) Because of the geometry of the electric cone, where pore water pressure acts downwards on the back of the cone end (Fig. 3.7), the cone resistance will be under- recorded. When used in deep water, for example, for offshore investigations, the force exerted by groundwater will be significant, and if pore pressuress are measured (with the piezocone), cone resistance can be corrected for this effect. The corrected, ‘total’, cone resistance, q t is: q t where α typically t = q c +(1- )u = ratio of the area of the shaft above the cone end to the area of the c 0.15 to 0.3, and u = pore pressure at the top of the cone. (3.5) 2 ), cone (10 cm 2 3-9 Figure 3.7 Definition of Cone Area Ratio, Α March 2009 3
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GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT O
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Foreword The fi
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 List of Volumes
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Registration of
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 List of Symbols
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CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
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Chapter 1 GENERAL (This page is int
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Chapter 2 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN PROCE
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CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
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Chapter 4 SOIL SETTLEMENT Table of
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CHAPTER 5 BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
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CHAPTER 7 RETAINING WALL
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Chapter 8 GROUND IMPROVEMENT Table
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Acknowledgement
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Table of Conten
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PART 2: SOIL INVESTIGATION
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Chapter 1 PLANNING AND SCOPE Table
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DID MANUAL Volume 6 Acknowledgement
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PART 3: ENGINEERING SURVEY
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Chapter 1 GEOMATICS AND LAND SURVEY
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CHAPTER 6 CHECKLIST FOR TERRAIN FEA
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