A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

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80 DECLENSION. [94. 94.] Stems ending in i, u, and o- are liable to lose the final letter before the Case-Endings which begin with a vowel. 1. Stems in -t]u, -eu : e. g. w\v-s, Gen. vr]-6s (for vtjF-os), rarely ê-o'?. The e arises by shortening from i] ; so z/ees, veo>v, vtecra-i, yea? all less common than the corresponding forms with TJ-, vijes, vr]&v, vritvvi, v?ias. The forms VTJV-S, vyv-ai are irregular, since original an before a consonant would appear in Greek as av (cp. Zcvs for original dyeus}. Hence the true Greek form is preserved in the Instrum. va-4>iv ( 104) and the Compounds vavffi-tcXvTos, Nauo-i-tfaa, &c. The of TJ vrjv-s and vrjv-ai is taken by analogy from the other Cases. |3ao-iXeu-s, Gen. j3acri\rj-os {but Dat. Plur. j8aoiXev-(n), nrjXeu-s, Gen. TlrjXrj-os and n^Xe-oj. In oblique Cases of Stems in -eu the e seems to be nearly confined to proper names ; cp. Tudeos TuSe'i Tv8ea, 'Ar/oe'o? 'Arpei, rja-ea, Nr]Xea, &c. On Zeuj, /3oi;s see 106, 2. 2. Stems in -i and -u form the same Cases in two ways : (1) Retaining the Stem- vowel, as KOVI-S KoVt-o?, Ilapt-s riapt-o?, l\vs l\vos, IxOv-s l%6v-S, av-s arv-6s, cru-t, (rv-e?. It is probable that this form of declension was originally confined to monosyllables. (2) Inserting e and dropping i or u as TroVt-?, Dat. : iroo-e-i", acrrv acrre-os, irfj^v-s Tr^x.e-09, TTO\V-S TroA.e-0?. Here the Stem of the oblique Cases ends in -ei, -eu : hence Gen. -eos for -et-os, -ef-o?, &c. forms several of its Cases in three ways : (1) Gen. 7roOu-oj, Dat. 770X1 (for jroAi-i, 99), Plur. Nom. Gen. iroXi-tov, Dat. iroXl-ecrcri, Ace. 7roAt-as and 7ro'Ai-es, zroXis ( 100). (2) Gen. -rro'Aeoj (so Bekk. reads in II. 2. 8u v 21. 567, with the scanning v^ cp. -TroAev? in Theognis), Dat. TToAei, -n-roAefc (II. 17. 152, perhaps should be TJTO'AU, cp. the Cyprian form TrroAt^t). (3) Gen. Tro'Arj-o?, Dat. iroAr;-t, Plur. Nom. Tro'A^-es, Ace. The stem TroAry- which furnishes the last of these three forms of inflexion has been traced by Joh. Schmidt (K. Z. xxvii. p. 287) to a primitive Locative in -TJ (cp. Sanscr. agni, Loc. agnd), to which the ordinary Loc. -t was suffixed. From this new Loc. the other Cases were then formed TTO'ATJ-I by analogy. The Nouns in -a (from -ia) answer to the original Stems in -I, as Ibvia, for lbvo--La, Sanscr. vidush-l. qij-s or lij-s good makes Gen. et]-os, perhaps by transference of quantity for Other Adjectives in -iis form --os, --i, &c. fjf-os. 3. Stems in -e
96.] SINGULAR. 8l 95.] Original d as the final vowel of the Stem becomes T) ; except (i) after e, ei, a, as in Bed, and the proper names 'Epjueias, , Auyeiaj, NaucrtKaa, 'Peta (Ar. on II. 14. 203), 3>aa (II. 7. 135, Od. 15. 297), and (2) in the Gen. in -do and -awi>. Other exceptions to the scheme given above will be best treated under the separate Cases. 96.] Nominative Singular. The final -s is retained after vowels and mutes, but lost with Stems ending in p, as Trarrjp, //ôro)/). Stems ending in v either (i) take final -s (with loss of v), as eis (for h-s), Ois Ace. 6iv-a, /xe'Aas Gen. peXav-os, or (2) do not take -s, but lengthen a preceding vowel, as yfl&v Gen. -Ôov-os, TIQI\M\V Gen. 7T(n/xez/-os. So with Stems in -vr : bovs Gen. bovr-os, but Ibtov. Originally it seems that all monosyllables took -s and all others -v (J. Schmidt, K. Z. xxvii. 392). If so, \6
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JS I LIBRARY
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HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRES
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PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY H
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IT ma
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IX cl
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. XI ne
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. THE
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CHAPTER I. The Person-Endings. PAGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xvil CHAPTER III
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xix PAGE 161. Th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXI PAGE 243. Th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xxill CHAPTER XI
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HOMEHIC GRAMMAR CHAPTER I. INTRODUC
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5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. , O b b ? o ^>
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5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. 5 suffer Hyphae
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6.] VARIATION OF STEM. 7 Sing. Indi
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8.] MIDDLE VOICE. 9 answering to -a
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10.] THE TENSES. II This we shall c
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12.] NON-THEMATIC PRESENT. 13 Mid.
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I4-] NON-THEMATIC AORIST. 15 (Hes.
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1 6.] NON-THEMATIC TENSES. T; i8-ju
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1 8.] THEMATIC FORMS. 19 ebibovs, e
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1 9.] NON-THEMATIC CONTRACTED VERBS
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22.] THE PERFECT. (1) tj (d) and a:
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2,2,.] THE PERFECT. ' 25 When the S
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24-] REDUPLICATION. 2/ (4) Temporal
Page 57 and 58: 26.] PARTICIPLE. 29 weak Stem, but
Page 59 and 60: 28.] MEANING. 31 Pluperfects Sci'Si
Page 61 and 62: 30.] THEMATIC PRESENT. 33 The forms
Page 63 and 64: 31.] THEMATIC AORIST. 35 The forms
Page 65 and 66: 33-] THEMATIC AORIST. 37 48, 51). W
Page 67 and 68: 36.] REDUPLICATED PRESENT AND AORIS
Page 69 and 70: 39-] AORIST IN -2A. 41 acu ', eVay,
Page 71 and 72: 41.] AORIST IN -SE(O). 43 sionally
Page 73 and 74: 45-] THEMATIC PRESENT WITH SUFFIX.
Page 75 and 76: 49-] ITERATIVE CLASS. 47 in mjut-Tr
Page 77 and 78: 53-] /-CLASS. 49 (3) -iw : TrvOi-To
Page 79 and 80: 55-] ASSIMILATION. 51 (d) With leng
Page 81 and 82: 55-] ASSIMILATION. 53 have been ret
Page 83 and 84: 57-] CONTRACTION SYNIZESIS. 55 2. V
Page 85 and 86: 63.] FUTURE. 57 0VT) 1 stay waiting
Page 87 and 88: 66.] FUTURE. 59 the accent ot the F
Page 89 and 90: 68.] AUGMENT. 6l (2) In several wor
Page 91 and 92: 71.] IMPERFECT. 63 instances of the
Page 93 and 94: 7
Page 95 and 96: 79-1 AORIST MEANING. 67 speaker put
Page 97 and 98: 8l.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 69 For 6iSo, &c.,
Page 99 and 100: 82.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 71 (II. 3. 353).
Page 101 and 102: 84.] VERBAL NOUNS. 73 The so-called
Page 103 and 104: 87.] PARTICIPLE. 75 (Sanscr. vid-ma
Page 105 and 106: 89.] ACCENT. 77 following the Prepo
Page 107: 93-] CASE-ENDINGS. 79 which forms t
Page 111 and 112: 99-] SINGULAR. 83 98.] Genitive Sin
Page 113 and 114: 102.] PLURAL. 85 Stems in -u, Gen.
Page 115 and 116: 105.] CONTRACTION, &C. 87 vav-(f)iv
Page 117 and 118: 106] STEM VARIATION. 89 a ' strong
Page 119 and 120: 107.] HETEROCLITE NOUNS. 9! ovbas,
Page 121 and 122: 109.] ADVERBS. 93 In the Compound O
Page 123 and 124: 110.] ADVERBS. 95 confirmed by the
Page 125 and 126: III.] ACCENT. 97 avrrjv (avTiov, tv
Page 127 and 128: IT3-] NOUN FORMATION. 99 CHAPTER VI
Page 129 and 130: II4-] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. IOI Note ho
Page 131 and 132: 114.] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. 103 -ex, -I
Page 133 and 134: JI4*.] VARIATION OF SUFFIXES. form.
Page 135 and 136: 1 15.] ACCENT. 107 Neuters in -ap,
Page 137 and 138: II 6.] GENDER. 109 3. Stems in -ia,
Page 139 and 140: II 8*.] SECONDARY SUFFIXES. Ill ',
Page 141 and 142: 120.] DENOMINATIVE FORMS. 113 12O.]
Page 143 and 144: I2I-] DEGREES OF COMPARISON. 115 pe
Page 145 and 146: 124-] PREFIXED STEM. 1 17 that whil
Page 147 and 148: 1 24.] PREFIXED STEM. 119 But in ma
Page 149 and 150: 1 25.] SECOND STEM. 121 Neuters in
Page 151 and 152: I27-] MEANING OF COMPOUNDS. 123 is
Page 153 and 154: 130.] PROPER NAMES NUMERALS. 125 No
Page 155 and 156: 131.] ADVERBIAL WORDS. 127 CHAPTER
Page 157 and 158: I35-] ACCUSATIVE. 129 do not expres
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I37-] ACCUSATIVE. 131 hast thou rec
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140.] ACCUSATIVE. 133 yevos /ca/cos
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I43-] DATIVE. 135 The notion ' doin
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I44-] INSTRUMENTAL DATIVE. 137 In t
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1 45-] LOCATIVAL DATIVE. 139 also w
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147-] GENITIVE. 141 the predicate g
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150.] GENITIVE. 143 This use of the
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151.] GENITIVE. 145 The Gen. in thi
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152] ABLATIVAL GENITIVE. 147 o-Y]|j
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156.] FORMS IN -*I(N). 149 fixed co
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1 59-] FORMS IN -0EN AND -112. 151
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162.] NOMINATIVE. 153 ' ' notion th
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164.] VOCATIVE. 155 163.] Interject
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1 66.] ADJECTIVES. 157 expresses qu
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170.] SINGULAR. 159 binations such
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I73-] NEUTER PLURAL DUAL. l6l gener
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176.] PREPOSITIONS. 163 CHAPTER IX.
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178.] TMESIS USE WITH CASES. 165 17
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l8o.] ACCENTUATION. 167 Cases, the
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l8o*.] ACCENTUATION. 169 as wept 6e
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183.] 'AM*I. 171 273, H. Ven. 243 ;
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1 86.] 'AM*I, HEPI. 173 186.] The D
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190.] KEPI, IIAPA. 175 l \ffvxys as
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1 94.] IIAPA, META. be seen in Empe
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198.] META, "EIII. 179 write jjicTa
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aoi.] "Em, Tno. 181 4. The instance
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204.] "rno. 183 In one or two place
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210.] IIPOTI, 'ANA. 185 (3) before,
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2 1 5.] KATA, AIA. 187 (5) to expre
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221.] AIA, "rilEP, ENI, 2TN. 189 1
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225-] EI 2, 'EB, 'AHO, HPO. 191 con
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228.] IMPROPER PREPOSITIONS. 193 In
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230.] INFINITIVE AND PARTICIPLE. 19
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231.] INFINITIVE. 197 Od. 4. 634 5e
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234-] INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT, &C. 19
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237-] WITH RELATIVES WITH HPIN. 2OI
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238.] ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. 2
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ATTRACTION. 240.] 205 may have a Pr
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242.] ORIGIN OF THE INFINITIVE. 207
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243-] PARTICIPLE. 209 ceased to be
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244-] TENSES. 211 a preceding Prono
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246.] GENITIVE ABSOLUTE. 213 the ti
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248.] PRONOUNS. 215 CHAPTER XL USES
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*OAE, KEINOS, O'TTOS. 21 J is the w
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253.] ATTO5 REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. 219
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255-] ^02. 221 original force of th
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255-] "E^. 223 Od. 13. 320 (where t
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257-] THE SUBSTANTIVAL ARTICLE. 225
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259-] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 227
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2.61.] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 229
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262.] THE ARTICLE AS A RELATIVE. 23
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264.] HOMERIC AND ATTIC ARTICLE. 23
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266.] THE RELATIVE. 235 the Correla
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267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 237 2. The
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267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 239 how we
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269.] 'O, C OTI, 'O TE. 241 my daug
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269.] f O, 'OTI, 'O TE. 243 causes
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271.] ORATIO OBL1QUA. 245 It may be
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272.] FORMS OF THE RELATIVE CLAUSE.
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^ 273-] KINDS OF SENTENCE. 249 2. P
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2 75-] SUBJUNCTIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLA
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277-] PRINCIPAL CLAUSES. 253 II. 18
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280.] PROHIBITION SUBORDINATE CLAUS
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282.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 257 S
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283.] RELATIVE CLAUSESCONDITIONAL.
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286.] 'fls, 'onns, 'INA. 261 1 Rega
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289.] '0*PA, 'EH2, 'OTE, 'OHOTE. 26
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. 292.] CLAUSES WITH El. 265 Od. II
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294-] CLAUSES WITH EL 267 Od. II. 1
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297-] 'EIIEI IIPIN. 269 tion of re.
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299-] OPTATIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLAUSES
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300.] WITH KEN OR 'AN. 273 Od. 14.
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303.] DEPENDENT DELIBERATIVE USE. 2
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304.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 277 s
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306.] RELATIVE CLAUSES CONDITIONAL.
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307.] '&2, e onn2, f iNA, 'Ens, 'O*
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310.] 'OTE, 'OHOTE, 'EIIEI, HPIN. 2
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313-] CLAUSES WITH El. 285 312.] Op
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316.] SUMMARY OF USES. 287 So in th
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317.] ORIGINAL MEANING. 289 (6? OVK
Page 319 and 320:
320.] EI-CLAUSES. 291 (3) Wish, wit
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3*3-] INDICATIVE. 293 imply a corre
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324-*] CONDITIONAL CLAUSES. 295 a C
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326.] FUTURE. 297 II. I. 522 dAAa (
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329-] PARTICLES. 299 328.] Prohibit
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332.] KAI, TE. 301 whole condition
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332.] TE. 303 aypta iravra, ra re r
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334-] AE. 305 vovcrov ava (rrparbv
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3350 AE. 307 more than the ordinary
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339-] 'AAAA, ATTAP, 'ATAP, AT, 'H.
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Kt0' 341.] 'HE, TL 311 1 would say
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345-] MAN > can only suppose that a
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346.] MEN, TOI. 315 oovs v(TL (=by
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348.] 'APA, TAP. 317 apa more commo
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350.] TAP, OTN, AH, NY, 0HN. 319 th
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354-] nE P, TE. 321 So with Relativ
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357-] or, MH. 323 The general use o
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359-] lest she have persuaded thee
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362.] MH, KEN, 'AN. 327 I. 37 eTret
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362.] 'AN IN HOMER. 329 and are lir
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363.] KEN, 'AN. 331 II. 4. 164 eao-
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363.] KEN, 'AN. 333 av, on the othe
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"" 365.] KEN, 'AN' ORDER OF PARTICL
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AtyuTrroVSe ORDER. 337 a line which
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irjArfiaSeo) 367.] THE HEXAMETER. 3
Page 369 and 370:
ty/foiou 369.] QUANTITY OF SYLLABLE
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37-] POSITION. 343 p : in 'AQpo&in)
Page 373 and 374:
373-] LENGTHENING BEFORE LIQUIDS. 3
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375-] SHORT FINAL SYLLABLES. 347 ir
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376.] ELISION. 349 In Homer vowel,
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378*.] SYNIZESIS CONTRACTION. 351 m
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378*0 CONTRACTION. 353 II. 4. 161 e
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3 8 -] HIATUS. 355 II. 13. 22 (afyQ
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383.] HIATUS DOUBTFUL SYLLABLES. 35
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384.] DOUBTFUL VOWELS. 359 in i, co
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389-] DIGAMMA. 361 The reason may b
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 363 original
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 365 Note, how
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 367 clXuw. Be
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 569 In the on
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393-] INITIAL 7- FOR s o(f)\v OCLVC
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393-] LOSS OF EIGAMMA. 373 chariot
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396.] 8F-, Fp-, MEDIAL F. 375 395.]
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401.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 377
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404.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 379
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404.] DIGAMMA IN THE DIALECTS. 381
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405.] DIGAMMA IN IONIC. 383 KvF6$,
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H AND El IN HOMER. 385 5. The Attic
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PICK'S THEORY. 387 laid in Êolis ;
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FICK'S THEORY. 389 Homer, it is nec
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PICK'S THEORY. 391 (AdiYo?, AaoKpir
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FICKS THEORY. 393 5. In his earlier
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FICK'S THEORY. 395 ( /) Many Attic
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NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 397 explains
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NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 399 decided,
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NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 401 similar
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INDEX I. OF HOMERIC FORMS. N.B. The
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INDEX. 405 dvovrrjri IIO. dai 32. I
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8e (use) 257 (i), 259 INDEX. 407
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ip.aprai 22 (6), 23 (2). INDEX. 409
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INDEX. fppT)a 67, 395. 64. 1 eppiya
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m 390- INDEX. 413
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INDEX. 415
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INDEX. 417 * '/* X
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. INDEX. 419 124 c. 7T\r)cri(rTios
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INDEX. 421 55.(9). 82. rpooxao) 55
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INDEX II. OF SUBJECTS. N.B. The fig
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INDEX. 425 Deictic Pronouns 247 : o
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INDEX. 427 Defining Art. 261 (i, 3)
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INDEX. 429 Supposition: Opt. of 299
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85 INDEX. 43 1
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574 INDEX. 433
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INDEX. 435 140
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21/5/98 (Llarenbon press, rforb. SE
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STANDARD GREEK WORKS. 2. STANDARD G
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STANDARD GREEK WORKS. Euripides. An
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MISCELLANEOUS STANDARD WORKS. 3. MI
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